Table 2. Description of the sample.
| Control Group | Vestibular Hypofunction | USNHL | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years): mean (min, max, SD) | 52 (28, 80, 16.92) | 62 (23, 78, 17.95) | 48 (22, 82, 19) | P = 0.16◊ |
| Gender (N and % females) | 13 (62%) | 10 (83.3%) | 4 (44.4%) | P = 0.18◊◊ |
| Falls in the past year (count) | None = 18 | None = 10 | None = 8 | P = 0.57◊◊ |
| One = 3 | One = 1 | One = 1 | ||
| Ten = 1 | ||||
| Race | White = 16 (76.2%) | White = 7 (58.3%) African American = 4 (33.3%) | White = 2 (22.2%) | P = 0.03◊◊ |
| African American = 3 (14.3%) | African American = 2 (22.2%) | |||
| Latino = 1 (8.3%) | ||||
| Latino = 2 (22.2%) | ||||
| Latino = 1 (4.8%) | ||||
| Asian American = 3 (33.3%) | ||||
| Other = 1 (4.8%) | ||||
| Weight (Kg): mean (min, max, SD) | 74.88 (54.4, 99.8, 12.68) | 79.03 (60.32, 98.9, 10.72) | 75.19 (57.15, 120.0, 19.16) | P = 0.36◊◊◊ |
| Height (cm): mean (min, max, SD) | 169.56 (157.48, 180.34, 6.24) | 165.63 (154.94, 182.88, 7.87) | 169.17 (156.21, 182.88, 8.07) | P = 0.3◊ |
| Exercise: yes / no count | Yes = 20 | Yes = 9 | Yes = 6 | P = 0.12◊◊ |
| No = 1 | No = 2 | No = 3 | ||
| Missing = 1 | ||||
| Exercise (minutes per week): mean (min, max, SD) | 405.43 (0, 1275, 343.32) | 175.00 (0, 630, 175.73) | 193.00 (0, 560, 206.12) | P = 0.038◊◊◊ Vestibular < controls adjusted sig. 0.056 |
| Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI): mean (min, max, SD) | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 43.33 (28, 74, 12.6) | 5.33# (0, 32, 11.31) | P<0.001◊◊◊ Vestibular > than controls and > than USNHL adjusted significance P<0.001 |
| Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC): mean (min, max, SD) | 97.48 (77.18, 100, 5.39) | 66.23 (32.5, 95.93, 23.96) | 96.19 (79.3, 100, 6.64) | P<0.001◊◊◊ Vestibular > than controls and > than USNHL adjusted significance P<0.001 and P = 0.003 respectively |
| The Speech, Spatial and Quality of Hearing 12-item Scale (SSQ12): mean (min, max, SD) | NA | NA | 5.81 (4, 7, 0.86) | |
| Simulator Sickness Questionnaire Pre: mean (min, max, SD) | 0.38 (0, 3, 0.81) | 3.33 (0, 11, 2.71) | 1 (0, 6, 2) | P<0.001◊◊◊ Vestibular > than controls and > than USNHL adjusted significance P<0.001 and P = 0.003 respectively |
| Simulator Sickness Questionnaire Post: mean (min, max, SD) | 0.95 (0, 6, 1.56) | 5.17 (0, 30, 8.27) | 0.78 (0, 6, 1.99) | P = 0.007◊◊◊ Vestibular > than controls and > than USNHL adjusted significance P = 0.008 and P = 0.004 respectively |
◊One way ANOVA
◊◊Chi-square for proportions
◊◊◊Kruskal-Wallis
#One participant in the USNHL group had DHI = 16, another DHI = 32 (both considered mild/ borderline mild) [34] and the remaining 7 participants reported 0.
The DHI was designed to identify difficulties that a patient may be experiencing because of their dizziness. The ABC scale is a subjective measure of confidence in performing various ambulatory activities without falling or feeling ‘unsteady’. The SSQ12 is valid and provides insight into the day-to-day impact of hearing loss.