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TGF-β signaling and Runx3 regulate CD103 expression. Activation of TGF-βR1 promotes the recruitment and phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Phosphorylated Smad3 and Runx3 bind to the CD103 promoter to induce transcription. Smad7 negatively regulates Smad2/3 signaling and can inhibit CD103 expression. TGF-β, transforming growth factor β. Image created with BioRender and published with permission.
