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. 2022 Sep 8;133(4):1019–1030. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00371.2022

Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics and cerebrovascular hemodynamics for individuals with and without CVD risk factors

Without CVD Risk Factors
 Female
 Male
 With CVD Risk Factors
 Female
 Male
Combined Female Male n n Combined Female Male n n
Age, yr 42 ± 13 41 ± 12 43 ± 13 77 80 54 ± 8 53 ± 9 55 ± 8 36 30
Height, m 1.71 ± 0.10 1.64 ± 0.07 1.77 ± 0.07* 77 80 1.71 ± 0.09 1.65 ± 0.07 1.79 ± 0.06* 36 30
Weight, kg 71.9 ± 11.9 65.0 ± 8.7 78.5 ± 10.7* 77 80 87.4 ± 15.0 82.2 ± 12.6 93.6 ± 15.6* 36 30
BMI, kg/m2 24.5 ± 2.7 24.0 ± 2.7 24.9 ± 2.5* 77 80 29.9 ± 4.0 30.3 ± 3.8 29.3 ± 4.1 36 30
V̇o2peak, mL/kg/min 42.1 ± 10.7 37.1 ± 8.8 46.9 ± 10.1* 77 80 29.6 ± 7.9 26.0 ± 5.2 33.9 ± 8.5* 36 30
V̇o2peak, L/min 3.0 ± 0.9 2.4 ± 0.5 3.6 ± 0.8* 77 80 2.6 ± 0.8 2.1 ± 0.5 3.1 ± 0.8* 36 30
Fitness level, %ile 74 ± 25 73 ± 27 74 ± 22 77 80 58 ± 24 57 ± 23 59 ± 25 36 30
SP, mmHg 120 ± 13 116 ± 15 124 ± 10* 77 80 123 ± 23 118 ± 28 129 ± 12* 36 30
DP, mmHg 74 ± 11 74 ± 13 74 ± 8 77 80 84 ± 16 87 ± 20 81 ± 9 36 30
MAP, mmHg 91 ± 8 89 ± 9 92 ± 8 77 80 98 ± 10 98 ± 12 98 ± 9 36 30
MCA mean velocity, cm/s 57 ± 10 60 ± 9 55 ± 10* 75 77 61 ± 10 64 ± 10 58 ± 9* 36 30
MCA PI, au 0.78 ± 0.13 0.76 ± 0.11 0.80 ± 0.14* 75 77 0.77 ± 0.11 0.78 ± 0.10 0.75 ± 0.11 36 30
MCA conductance, cm/s/mmHg 0.75 ± 0.22 0.84 ± 0.22 0.67 ± 0.19* 75 77 0.61 ± 0.15 0.64 ± 0.16 0.58 ± 0.12 36 30
MCA pulsatile damping, au 1.91 ± 0.47 1.76 ± 0.41 2.05 ± 0.49* 74 76 1.75 ± 0.35 1.58 ± 0.30 1.96 ± 0.30* 36 30
End-tidal CO2, mmHg 37 ± 5 36 ± 6 37 ± 5 37 39 37 ± 5 37 ± 5 36 ± 4 32 23
cf PWV, m/s 6.8 ± 1.5 6.5 ± 1.2 7.1 ± 1.6* 77 80 8.0 ± 1.4 7.9 ± 1.3 8.0 ± 1.6 36 30
Carotid PWV-β, m/s 5.4 ± 1.0 5.2 ± 1.1 5.5 ± 1.0 77 79 6.3 ± 1.2 6.3 ± 1.3 6.3 ± 1.2 36 30
Carotid W1, mmHg/m/s3 8.5 ± 5.0 8.0 ± 5.2 9.0 ± 4.8 77 78 7.2 ± 3.7 7.1 ± 4.0 7.4 ± 3.3 36 30
Carotid RIx, au 4.7 ± 2.2 5.0 ± 2.4 4.5 ± 1.9 77 78 4.3 ± 2.0 4.2 ± 2.1 4.4 ± 1.9 35 30
Carotid PI, au 1.46 ± 0.37 1.39 ± 0.29 1.61 ± 0.38* 76 79 1.33 ± 0.25 1.22 ± 0.23 1.45 ± 0.22* 35 30
Carotid SP, mmHg 115 ± 13 113 ± 15 117 ± 11* 77 80 121 ± 15 121 ± 16 121 ± 12 36 30
Carotid PP, mmHg 41 ± 11 40 ± 13 42 ± 9 77 80 40 ± 11 40 ± 11 39 ± 11 36 30

Means ± SD. BMI, body mass index; cf, carotid-femoral; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DP, diastolic pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MCA, middle cerebral artery; PI, pulsatility index; PP, pulse pressure; PWV, pulse wave velocity; RIx, reflection index; SP, systolic pressure; V̇o2peak, peak oxygen consumption; W1, forward wave energy.

*

P < 0.05 vs. female within group. Statistical differences not tested between those with and without CVD risk factors.