Table 1.
Comparisons of the baseline characteristics between the alive group and the dead group.
| Variables | Total (n = 2085) | Alive (n = 1390) | Dead (n = 695) | Statistics | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHF, n (%) | χ 2 = 5.062 | 0.024 | |||
| No | 1508 (72.33) | 1027 (73.88) | 481 (69.21) | ||
| Yes | 577 (27.67) | 363 (26.12) | 214 (30.79) | ||
| AF, n (%) | χ 2 = 0.164 | 0.686 | |||
| No | 1154 (55.35) | 765 (55.04) | 389 (55.97) | ||
| Yes | 931 (44.65) | 625 (44.96) | 306 (44.03) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | χ 2 = 0.192 | 0.662 | |||
| No | 1451 (69.59) | 963 (69.28) | 488 (70.22) | ||
| Yes | 634 (30.41) | 427 (30.72) | 207 (29.78) | ||
| Respiratory failure, n (%) | χ 2 = 99.754 | <.001 | |||
| No | 1280 (61.39) | 958 (68.92) | 322 (46.33) | ||
| Yes | 805 (38.61) | 432 (31.08) | 373 (53.67) | ||
| Renal failure, n (%) | χ 2 = 13.627 | <.001 | |||
| No | 1623 (77.84) | 1115 (80.22) | 508 (73.09) | ||
| Yes | 462 (22.16) | 275 (19.78) | 187 (26.91) | ||
| Malignant cancer, n (%) | χ 2 = 15.376 | <.001 | |||
| No | 1792 (85.95) | 1224 (88.06) | 568 (81.73) | ||
| Yes | 293 (14.05) | 166 (11.94) | 127 (18.27) | ||
| Thrombolytic, n (%) | χ 2 = 3.202 | 0.074 | |||
| No | 1777 (85.23) | 1171 (84.24) | 606 (87.19) | ||
| Yes | 308 (14.77) | 219 (15.76) | 89 (12.81) | ||
| Anticoagulation, n (%) | χ 2 = 11.088 | <.001 | |||
| No | 235 (11.27) | 134 (9.64) | 101 (14.53) | ||
| Yes | 1850 (88.73) | 1256 (90.36) | 594 (85.47) | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | χ 2 = 3.542 | 0.060 | |||
| No | 793 (38.03) | 509 (36.62) | 284 (40.86) | ||
| Yes | 1292 (61.97) | 881 (63.38) | 411 (59.14) | ||
| Liver disease, n (%) | χ 2 = 23.429 | <.001 | |||
| No | 1942 (93.14) | 1321 (95.04) | 621 (89.35) | ||
| Yes | 143 (6.86) | 69 (4.96) | 74 (10.65) | ||
| Heart rate (time/min), mean ± SD | 85.36 ± 20.10 | 83.56 ± 18.71 | 88.95 ± 22.21 | t = −5.50 | <.001 |
| SBP (mmhg), M(Q1,Q3) | 137 (116, 155) | 138 (118,155) | 134 (113,155) | Z = −2.151 | 0.031 |
| DBP (mmhg), M (Q1, Q3) | 70 (58, 83) | 70 (58, 83) | 70 (58, 82) | Z = −0.187 | 0.851 |
| MAP (mmhg), M (Q1, Q3) | 89 (76, 102) | 89 (77, 103) | 88 (75, 102) | Z = −1.072 | 0.284 |
| Respiratory rate (time/min), M (Q1, Q3) | 18.00 (15.00, 22.00) | 18.00 (15.00, 21.00) | 19.00 (15.00, 24.00) | Z = 4.577 | <.001 |
| Temperature (°C), mean ± SD | 36.48 ± 2.72 | 36.59 ± 1.80 | 36.26 ± 3.96 | t = 2.15 | 0.032 |
| SOFA, M (Q1, Q3) | 2.00 (1.00, 5.00) | 2.00 (0.00, 4.00) | 4.00 (1.00, 6.00) | Z = 7.945 | <.001 |
| SAPSII, M (Q1, Q3) | 38.00 (30.00, 47.00) | 35.00 (28.00, 44.00) | 43.00 (35.00, 53.00) | Z = 12.891 | <.001 |
| OASIS, mean ± SD | 33.08 ± 9.92 | 31.53 ± 9.68 | 36.17 ± 9.67 | t = −10.33 | <.001 |
| WBC (K/μl), M(Q1, Q3) | 10.30 (7.80, 13.80) | 9.90 (7.70, 13.30) | 11.50 (8.00, 15.80) | Z = 5.198 | <.001 |
| PLT (K/μl), M (Q1, Q3) | 215.00 (160.00, 279.00) | 217.00 (164.00, 276.00) | 211.00 (153.00, 285.00) | Z = −1.257 | 0.209 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl), mean ± SD | 11.87 ± 2.31 | 12.03 ± 2.29 | 11.55 ± 2.32 | t = 4.55 | <.001 |
| RDW percent, mean ± SD | 14.59 ± 1.99 | 14.37 ± 1.88 | 15.01 ± 2.11 | t = −6.79 | <.001 |
| Hematocrit percent, mean ± SD | 35.68 ± 6.51 | 36.05 ± 6.48 | 34.93 ± 6.53 | t = 3.70 | <.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl), M (Q1,Q3) | 1.00 (0.80, 1.40) | 1.00 (0.80, 1.30) | 1.10 (0.80, 1.60) | Z = 4.686 | <.001 |
| INR, M (Q1,Q3) | 1.20 (1.10, 1.40) | 1.20 (1.10, 1.30) | 1.20 (1.10, 1.40) | Z = 6.144 | <.001 |
| BUN (mg/dl), M (Q1,Q3) | 20.00 (14.00, 29.00) | 19.00 (14.00, 27.00) | 22.00 (16.00, 34.00) | Z = 6.401 | <.001rep |
| Glucose (mg/dl), M (Q1,Q3) | 130.00 (107.00, 167.00) | 126.00 (106.00, 160.00) | 136.00 (110.00, 184.00) | Z = 4.853 | <.001 |
| Bicarbonate (mEq/l), mean ± SD | 23.61 ± 4.26 | 23.91 ± 3.97 | 23.00 ± 4.72 | t = 4.36 | <.001 |
| Sodium (mEq/l), mean ± SD | 139.24 ± 4.64 | 139.37 ± 4.42 | 138.98 ± 5.03 | t = 1.77 | 0.076 |
| Potassium (mEq/l), mean ± SD | 4.18 ± 0.77 | 4.15 ± 0.73 | 4.24 ± 0.83 | t = −2.49 | 0.013 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, M (Q1,Q3) | 5.00 (3.00, 8.00) | 5.00 (3.00, 7.00) | 6.00 (3.00, 8.00) | Z = 2.891 | 0.004 |
| BUN/Cr, M (Q1, Q3) | 19.38 (15.00, 24.44) | 19.00 (15.00, 23.75) | 20.00 (15.00, 25.71) | Z = 2.756 | 0.006 |
CHF: congestive heart failure; AF: atrial fibrillation; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; WBC: white blood cell; PLT: platelets; RDW: red cell distribution width; INR: International Normalized Ratio; SOFA: the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SAPSII: the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; OASIS: the Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Cr: creatinine.