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. 2022 Mar 16;41(5):611–622. doi: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.153

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics

Characteristic Total (n = 177) Intradialytic hypotension
p-value
Yes (n = 39) No (n = 138)
Age (yr) 59.5 ± 14.5 62.1 ± 11.2 58.8 ± 15.3 0.22
Male sex 87 (49.2) 13 (33.3) 74 (53.6) 0.03
Weight (kg) 59.3 ± 11.0 60.2 ± 12.0 59.1 ± 10.8 0.58
Height (cm) 161.8 ± 8.6 159.8 ± 8.6 162.4 ± 8.5 <0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2) 22.5 ± 3.3 23.5 ± 4.2 22.2 ± 2.9 0.03
Duration of hemodialysis (yr) 5.5 ± 4.3 5.1 ± 3.1 5.6 ± 4.6 0.50
Etiology of ESRD <0.001
 Diabetes mellitus 66 (37.3) 27 (69.2) 39 (28.3)
 Hypertension 28 (15.8) 2 (5.1) 26 (18.8)
 Glomerulonephritis 35 (19.8) 3 (7.7) 32 (23.2)
 Others 24 (13.6) 2 (5.1) 22 (15.9)
 Unknown 24 (13.6) 5 (12.8) 19 (13.8)
Hypertension 150 (84.7) 35 (89.7) 115 (83.3) 0.33
Diabetes mellitus 81 (45.8) 30 (76.9) 51 (37.0) <0.001
Ischemic heart disease 35 (19.8) 14 (35.9) 21 (15.2) 0.004
Chronic heart failure 15 (8.5) 7 (17.9) 8 (5.8) 0.02
Stroke 19 (10.7) 8 (20.5) 11 (8.0) 0.03
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease 10 (5.6) 6 (15.4) 4 (2.9) 0.003
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) 9,359.3 ± 9,705.2 10,249.2 ± 10,136.7 9,107.9 ± 9,602.9 0.52
Cardiac index (%) 51.7 ± 6.9 51.9 ± 5.0 51.7 ± 7.4 0.85
Hemoglobin (g/dL) 10.4 ± 0.9 10.6 ± 1.0 10.3 ± 0.9 0.20
Blood urine nitrogen (mg/dL) 61.0 ± 15.8 63.1 ± 15.9 60.4 ± 15.7 0.33
Creatinine (mg/dL) 9.9 ± 3.0 8.8 ± 2.6 10.2 ± 3.1 0.01
Calcium (mg/dL) 9.0 ± 0.6 8.9 ± 0.6 9.0±0.7 0.53
Sodium (mEq/L) 137.5 ± 3.3 136.8 ± 3.3 137.7 ± 3.2 0.15
Phosphate (mg/dL) 5.2 ± 1.5 5.4 ± 1.6 5.1 ± 1.4 0.33
Albumin (g/dL) 3.9 ± 0.4 3.9 ± 0.4 3.9 ± 0.4 0.86
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 148.4 ± 33.7 150.6 ± 39.8 147.7 ± 31.9 0.64
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) 86.4 ± 72.6 109.4 ± 136.8 78.4 ± 25.1 0.08
Iron (ng/mL) 65.8 ± 31.0 57.5 ± 30.4 68.1 ± 30.9 0.06
TIBC (μg/dL) 229.3 ± 46.9 233.6 ± 55.3 228.1.6 ± 44.3 0.52
Ferritin (ng/mL) 245.3 ± 395.3 248.0 ± 198.1 244.5 ± 435.8 0.96
Potassium (mEq/L) 5.4 ± 1.0 5.7 ± 1.1 5.3 ± 1.0 0.03
Parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) 254.5 ± 206.0 199.2 ± 157.4 270.1 ± 215.7 0.06
Ultrafiltration per weight (%) 4.5 ± 1.7 5.1 ± 1.9 4.4 ± 1.6 0.02
spKt/V 1.6 ± 0.3 1.6 ± 0.4 1.6 ± 0.3 0.34
PG-SGA score 3.7 ± 4.4 3.3 ± 3.9 3.8 ± 4.5 0.56
Tilburg frailty score (score) 3.5 ± 2.5 4.1 ± 2.5 3.3 ± 2.5 0.09
Triceps skinfold thickness (mm) 17.8 ± 7.9 18.7 ± 8.1 17.6 ± 7.8 0.43
Mid-arm muscle circumference (cm) 26.3 ± 3.2 26.6 ± 3.8 26.2 ± 3.1 0.53
Handgrip strength (kg·f) 21.1 ± 10.3 16.5 ± 7.9 22.4 ± 10.6 0.001
Percentage of SMM to WT (%) 38.9 ± 5.8 34.3 ± 4.9 40.2 ± 5.3 <0.001
SMM to squared height (kg/m2) 8.7 ± 1.2 8.9 ± 1.2 7.9 ± 1.0 <0.001
Possible sarcopeniaa 113 (63.8) 33 (84.6) 80 (58.0) 0.003
Sarcopeniab 4 (2.3) 3 (7.7) 1 (0.7) 0.01
Extracellular water to TBW (%) 39.4 ± 1.5 40.1 ± 1.3 39.2 ± 1.5 0.001
Intracellular water to TBW (%) 60.6 ± 1.5 59.8 ± 1.3 60.8 ± 1.5 <0.001
Phase angle at 50 Hz (˚) 4.9 ± 1.2 4.4 ± 0.9 5.0 ± 1.2 0.002
Medication prescription
 Antihypertensive 132 (74.6) 24 (61.5) 108 (78.3) 0.03
 No. of medicationsc 0.23
  1–2 91 (51.4) 19 (48.7) 72 (52.2)
  ≥3 41 (23.2) 5 (12.8) 36 (26.1)
 Beta blocker 110 (62.1) 21 (53.8) 89 (64.5) 0.23
 ACE inhibitor 37 (20.9) 6 (15.4) 31 (22.5) 0.34
 ARB 105 (59.3) 16 (41.0) 89 (64.5) 0.008
 Diuretics 37 (20.9) 5 (12.8) 32 (23.2) 0.16
 Calcium-channel blocker 35 (19.8) 5 (12.8) 30 (21.7) 0.22
 Alpha-blocker 42 (23.7) 5 (12.8) 37 (26.8) 0.07
 Vasodilator 37 (20.9) 6 (15.4) 31 (22.5) 0.34
 Total prescribed medicationsd 2.4 ± 2.7 1.7 ± 2.2 2.6 ± 2.8 0.09

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, number (%), or number only.

Cutoff values to classify sarcopenia followed the criteria of the Asian Working Group.

ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; SMM, skeletal muscle mass; spKt/V, single-pool ratio of urea clearance multiplied by dialysis time to volume; PG-SGA, patient-generated subjective global assessment; TBW, total body water; TIBC, total iron binding capacity; WT, dry body weight.

a

Possible sarcopenia was defined as low handgrip strength (<28 kg•f in males and <18 kg•f in females).

b

Sarcopenia was defined as both low handgrip strength (<28 kg•f in males and <18 kg•f in females) and low ratio of SMM to squared height (<7.0 kg/m2 in males and <5.7 kg/m2 in females).

c

Number of medications refers to the individual medications prescribed.

d

The total prescribed medications are the total equivalent dosages.