Table 1.
Characteristic | Total (n = 177) | Intradialytic hypotension |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 39) | No (n = 138) | |||
Age (yr) | 59.5 ± 14.5 | 62.1 ± 11.2 | 58.8 ± 15.3 | 0.22 |
Male sex | 87 (49.2) | 13 (33.3) | 74 (53.6) | 0.03 |
Weight (kg) | 59.3 ± 11.0 | 60.2 ± 12.0 | 59.1 ± 10.8 | 0.58 |
Height (cm) | 161.8 ± 8.6 | 159.8 ± 8.6 | 162.4 ± 8.5 | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.5 ± 3.3 | 23.5 ± 4.2 | 22.2 ± 2.9 | 0.03 |
Duration of hemodialysis (yr) | 5.5 ± 4.3 | 5.1 ± 3.1 | 5.6 ± 4.6 | 0.50 |
Etiology of ESRD | <0.001 | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 66 (37.3) | 27 (69.2) | 39 (28.3) | |
Hypertension | 28 (15.8) | 2 (5.1) | 26 (18.8) | |
Glomerulonephritis | 35 (19.8) | 3 (7.7) | 32 (23.2) | |
Others | 24 (13.6) | 2 (5.1) | 22 (15.9) | |
Unknown | 24 (13.6) | 5 (12.8) | 19 (13.8) | |
Hypertension | 150 (84.7) | 35 (89.7) | 115 (83.3) | 0.33 |
Diabetes mellitus | 81 (45.8) | 30 (76.9) | 51 (37.0) | <0.001 |
Ischemic heart disease | 35 (19.8) | 14 (35.9) | 21 (15.2) | 0.004 |
Chronic heart failure | 15 (8.5) | 7 (17.9) | 8 (5.8) | 0.02 |
Stroke | 19 (10.7) | 8 (20.5) | 11 (8.0) | 0.03 |
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease | 10 (5.6) | 6 (15.4) | 4 (2.9) | 0.003 |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 9,359.3 ± 9,705.2 | 10,249.2 ± 10,136.7 | 9,107.9 ± 9,602.9 | 0.52 |
Cardiac index (%) | 51.7 ± 6.9 | 51.9 ± 5.0 | 51.7 ± 7.4 | 0.85 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.4 ± 0.9 | 10.6 ± 1.0 | 10.3 ± 0.9 | 0.20 |
Blood urine nitrogen (mg/dL) | 61.0 ± 15.8 | 63.1 ± 15.9 | 60.4 ± 15.7 | 0.33 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 9.9 ± 3.0 | 8.8 ± 2.6 | 10.2 ± 3.1 | 0.01 |
Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.0 ± 0.6 | 8.9 ± 0.6 | 9.0±0.7 | 0.53 |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 137.5 ± 3.3 | 136.8 ± 3.3 | 137.7 ± 3.2 | 0.15 |
Phosphate (mg/dL) | 5.2 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 1.6 | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 0.33 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 0.86 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 148.4 ± 33.7 | 150.6 ± 39.8 | 147.7 ± 31.9 | 0.64 |
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 86.4 ± 72.6 | 109.4 ± 136.8 | 78.4 ± 25.1 | 0.08 |
Iron (ng/mL) | 65.8 ± 31.0 | 57.5 ± 30.4 | 68.1 ± 30.9 | 0.06 |
TIBC (μg/dL) | 229.3 ± 46.9 | 233.6 ± 55.3 | 228.1.6 ± 44.3 | 0.52 |
Ferritin (ng/mL) | 245.3 ± 395.3 | 248.0 ± 198.1 | 244.5 ± 435.8 | 0.96 |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 5.7 ± 1.1 | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 0.03 |
Parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) | 254.5 ± 206.0 | 199.2 ± 157.4 | 270.1 ± 215.7 | 0.06 |
Ultrafiltration per weight (%) | 4.5 ± 1.7 | 5.1 ± 1.9 | 4.4 ± 1.6 | 0.02 |
spKt/V | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 0.34 |
PG-SGA score | 3.7 ± 4.4 | 3.3 ± 3.9 | 3.8 ± 4.5 | 0.56 |
Tilburg frailty score (score) | 3.5 ± 2.5 | 4.1 ± 2.5 | 3.3 ± 2.5 | 0.09 |
Triceps skinfold thickness (mm) | 17.8 ± 7.9 | 18.7 ± 8.1 | 17.6 ± 7.8 | 0.43 |
Mid-arm muscle circumference (cm) | 26.3 ± 3.2 | 26.6 ± 3.8 | 26.2 ± 3.1 | 0.53 |
Handgrip strength (kg·f) | 21.1 ± 10.3 | 16.5 ± 7.9 | 22.4 ± 10.6 | 0.001 |
Percentage of SMM to WT (%) | 38.9 ± 5.8 | 34.3 ± 4.9 | 40.2 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
SMM to squared height (kg/m2) | 8.7 ± 1.2 | 8.9 ± 1.2 | 7.9 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
Possible sarcopeniaa | 113 (63.8) | 33 (84.6) | 80 (58.0) | 0.003 |
Sarcopeniab | 4 (2.3) | 3 (7.7) | 1 (0.7) | 0.01 |
Extracellular water to TBW (%) | 39.4 ± 1.5 | 40.1 ± 1.3 | 39.2 ± 1.5 | 0.001 |
Intracellular water to TBW (%) | 60.6 ± 1.5 | 59.8 ± 1.3 | 60.8 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
Phase angle at 50 Hz (˚) | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 0.002 |
Medication prescription | ||||
Antihypertensive | 132 (74.6) | 24 (61.5) | 108 (78.3) | 0.03 |
No. of medicationsc | 0.23 | |||
1–2 | 91 (51.4) | 19 (48.7) | 72 (52.2) | |
≥3 | 41 (23.2) | 5 (12.8) | 36 (26.1) | |
Beta blocker | 110 (62.1) | 21 (53.8) | 89 (64.5) | 0.23 |
ACE inhibitor | 37 (20.9) | 6 (15.4) | 31 (22.5) | 0.34 |
ARB | 105 (59.3) | 16 (41.0) | 89 (64.5) | 0.008 |
Diuretics | 37 (20.9) | 5 (12.8) | 32 (23.2) | 0.16 |
Calcium-channel blocker | 35 (19.8) | 5 (12.8) | 30 (21.7) | 0.22 |
Alpha-blocker | 42 (23.7) | 5 (12.8) | 37 (26.8) | 0.07 |
Vasodilator | 37 (20.9) | 6 (15.4) | 31 (22.5) | 0.34 |
Total prescribed medicationsd | 2.4 ± 2.7 | 1.7 ± 2.2 | 2.6 ± 2.8 | 0.09 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, number (%), or number only.
Cutoff values to classify sarcopenia followed the criteria of the Asian Working Group.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; SMM, skeletal muscle mass; spKt/V, single-pool ratio of urea clearance multiplied by dialysis time to volume; PG-SGA, patient-generated subjective global assessment; TBW, total body water; TIBC, total iron binding capacity; WT, dry body weight.
Possible sarcopenia was defined as low handgrip strength (<28 kg•f in males and <18 kg•f in females).
Sarcopenia was defined as both low handgrip strength (<28 kg•f in males and <18 kg•f in females) and low ratio of SMM to squared height (<7.0 kg/m2 in males and <5.7 kg/m2 in females).
Number of medications refers to the individual medications prescribed.
The total prescribed medications are the total equivalent dosages.