Table 1.

Advantages and disadvantages of different forms of vaccines

Vaccines type	Advantages	Disadvantages
Peptide	Stable, Safe, Low-complexity antigens, Low toxicity, Easy to transport	Low immunogenicity in the absence of adjuvants, Unrelated immune response due to degradation, Short half-life
DNA	Easy fabrication, Low cost, Polyepitope	Theoretical integration risk, Potential risk of abnormal transcription, Discomfort electroporation
RNA	Less side effects, Low synthesis expenses, Short synthesis cycle, Simultaneous encoding of multiple antigen sequences, Inadequate restriction of MHC haplotypes	Unstable, Innate immunogenicity, Easy degradation by RNases, Inefficient delivery, Harsh storage condition
DC	Low toxicity, Lack of invasive procedures, Potential long-term effects, Conventional antigen presentation pathways	Time-consuming, High cost, Less feasible to produce at large scale