Fig. 3.

Effects of dietary porcine bile acids supplementation on differences in taxonomic abundance among groups. BA = bile acids. Samples from each treatment group included cecal contents samples from 6 birds (n = 6). (A) Firmicutes and Bacteroides abundance and their ratio in each treatment group. (B) Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analyses (LDA score ≥2.0) at the phylum level to the genus level. Different color nodes represent microbial groups that are significantly enriched in the corresponding treatment groups and have a significant impact on the differences among groups. (C) Comparison of LDA score of cecal microbiota from the genus level to the species level with significant changes among groups. Wilcoxon rank-sum test difference at P < 0.05 and LDA score (log₁₀) > 3.0 was considered significant. (D-E) Relative abundance of cecal microbiota at the genus or species level with significant changes and specific functions. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM. NS, P > 0.05; ∗, P < 0.05; ∗∗, P < 0.01. Significance was calculated by Kruskal–Wallis H test.