Table 2.
Determinants of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Results of linear FE regressions (ECOS; wave 7 to wave 9).
| Independent variables | Depressive symptoms | Anxiety symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| (0.01) | (0.01) | |
| Marital status: - Living together (relationship) (Ref.: - married / registered partnership) | -0.00 | 0.05 |
| (0.09) | (0.09) | |
| - Living alone (single) | 0.07 | -0.08 |
| (0.13) | (0.14) | |
| - Living alone (in a relationship) | -0.09 | -0.15 |
| (0.13) | (0.14) | |
| - Widowed | -0.03 | -0.14 |
| (0.22) | (0.21) | |
| - Other | 0.10 | 0.05 |
| (0.14) | (0.14) | |
| Children: Having one or more children aged below 18 years (Ref.: Absence of a child aged below 18 years) | 0.19* | -0.00 |
| (0.08) | (0.09) | |
| Education: - Middle (Ref.: low education) | 0.06 | 0.05 |
| (0.07) | (0.07) | |
| - High | 0.08 | 0.03 |
| (0.10) | (0.10) | |
| Professional group: - Education (Ref.: Health-related sector) | -0.06 | -0.06 |
| (0.13) | (0.12) | |
| - Food retail | -0.02 | 0.11 |
| (0.16) | (0.16) | |
| - Research | -0.11 | 0.00 |
| (0.18) | (0.17) | |
| - Other | -0.12 | -0.02 |
| (0.10) | (0.09) | |
| Own risk of getting infected with the coronavirus (from 1 = no risk at all to 5 = very high risk) | 0.04* | 0.04+ |
| (0.02) | (0.02) | |
| Risk to one's own health from Covid-19 (from 1 = no risk at all to 5 = very high risk) | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| (0.02) | (0.02) | |
| Risk to the health of one's own family members from Covid-19 (from 1 = no risk at all to 5 = very high risk) | -0.00 | 0.00 |
| (0.02) | (0.02) | |
| Risk to the health of people in one's own community from Covid-19 (from 1 = no risk at all to 5 = very high risk) | -0.01 | 0.01 |
| (0.02) | (0.02) | |
| Income (ability to make ends meet): - With great difficulty (Ref.: easily) | 0.21* | 0.24* |
| (0.10) | (0.10) | |
| - With some difficulty | 0.20** | 0.14* |
| (0.06) | (0.06) | |
| - Fairly easily | 0.05 | 0.03 |
| (0.05) | (0.05) | |
| Infection with the novel coronavirus: - Yes, confirmed (Ref.: no) | 0.11 | 0.02 |
| (0.08) | (0.08) | |
| - Yes, but not yet confirmed | 0.10 | -0.08 |
| (0.10) | (0.11) | |
| - Don't know | -0.02 | -0.04 |
| (0.06) | (0.06) | |
| Covid-19 Stringency Index (from 0 to 100, with 100 = strictest)) | 0.003*** | 0.00 |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Covid-19 vaccination: - Intention to vaccinate against Covid-19 (Ref.: not vaccinated against Covid-19) | 0.03 | 0.12 |
| (0.07) | (0.07) | |
| - At least one vaccination against Covid-19 | -0.03 | 0.08 |
| (0.06) | (0.06) | |
| Observations | 15,410 | 15,410 |
| Number of Individuals | 6,153 | 6,153 |
| Pseudo R² | 0.008 | 0.005 |
Comments: Unstandardized beta-coefficients are reported; 95% confidence intervals in parentheses; *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, + p<0.10