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. 2022 Oct 17;5:1098. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-04070-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a The circle Manhattan plot shows P-values of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for body mass index (BMI) and childhood- and adult-onset asthma. From inner to outer circle: childhood BMI, adult BMI, childhood-onset asthma, and adult onset asthma. The circle Manhattan plot is customized to truncate the P-values at 1 × 10⁻⁴⁰. b The genetic correlation coefficients for each pair of traits. The nominal significance level of genetic correlation (P < 0.05) is marked by one asterisk, and P < 0.01 is marked by two asterisks. c, d Genetic multivariable regression in genomic structural equation modeling evaluates the association between BMI and childhood- and adult-onset asthma. c The association between childhood BMI and childhood-onset asthma adjusting for the genetic effects of adult BMI. d The association between childhood BMI and adult onset asthma adjusting for the genetic effects of adult BMI.