Skip to main content
. 2022 Oct 17;5:1102. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-04082-5

Fig. 3. PA mutations T85I, V100I and G186S increase the translation efficiency.

Fig. 3

a Percentages of pH1N1 viruses containing valine or isoleucine at residue 100 in PA from 2009 to 2020. Sequences of pH1N1 viruses were downloaded from fludb.org for comparison. b–d 293 T cells were transfected with expression plasmids for Nan NP, PB1, PB2 and Nan PA with the indicated mutations along with pPolI-NP-luc. e–g 293 T cells were transfected with expression plasmids for Cal NP, PB1, PB2 and Cal PA with the indicated mutations along with pPolI-NP-luc. b, e Luciferase mRNA was quantified by qRT-PCR. c, f Luciferase activity determined by the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay system. d, g Ratio of luciferase activity per mRNA, transformed to a normal distribution. h, i Representative images of immunoblot analysis of PA and β-actin in cell lysates using specific antibodies. Error bars show means plus/minus the standard deviations (n = 3 biological replicates). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).