Table 2.
Association of sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease in a population at risk of SDB: study characteristics, outcomes and results.
| Author | Year | Country | Study Design | Sample Size | Age | Outcome | Follow-up period | AHI cut-off | Prevalence | OR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | Adjusted for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cadby G. et al. | 2015 | Australia | cohort | 6841 | 48.3 ± 12.5 | AF | 11.9 years | 5 | 63.6% | OR: 2.8 (2.2–3.6) | HR: 1.55 (1.21–2.00) | Age, sex, height, BMI, hypertension, valvular disease, stroke/TIA, coronary or peripheral artery disease, COPD, chronic renal disease, HF, and diabetes. |
| Gami A.S. et al. | 2013 | USA | cohort | 10,701 | 53 ± 14 | Sudden cardiac death | 5.3 years | 5 | 78% | – | – | |
| 20 | – | HR 1.05 (1.00–1.09) | Univariate analyses | |||||||||
| Shah N.A. et al. | 2010 | USA | cohort | 1436 | 60 | CVD | 2.8 years | 5 | 71% | – | HR: 2.06 (1.10–3.86) | Age, race, sex, smoking, alcohol use, BMI, AF, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. |
| Yaggi H. K. et al. | 2005 | USA | cohort | 1022 | 60,9 | Incident stroke/TIA or all-cause death | 3.4 years | 5 | 68% | – | HR: 1.97 (1.12–3.48) | Age, sex, race, smoking, alcohol use, BMI, presence of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, AF, and hypertension. |
| Gami A.S. et al. | 2007 | USA | cohort | 3542 | 49 ± 14 | Incident AF | 4.7 years | 5 | 74% | – | HR: 2.18 (1.34–3.54) | Univariate analyses |
| Kendzerska T. et al. | 2014 | Canada | cohort | 10,149 | 49,9 ± 14,1 | MI, stroke, CHF, revascularization procedure, all-cause death | 68 months | 5 | 79.2% | – | HR: 1.12 (1.05–1.2) | BMI, age, sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, MI, stroke, and HF. |
| Selim B.J. et al. | 2016 | USA | cross-sectional | 697 | 58.7 ± 12.1 | Nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias | – | 5 | 77% | – | – | |
| 15 | 56% | OR: 2.24 (1.48–3.39) | Age, BMI, sex, and CVD. | |||||||||
| Roche F. et al. | 2002 | Switzerland | cross-sectional | 147 | 54.5 ± 10.7 | Nocturnal paroxysmal asystole | 0 | 10 | 44.9% | OR: 9.5 (1.14–79.2) | – | Not adjusted |
AF atrial fibrillation, AHI apnea-hypopnea index, BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVD cardiovascular disease, HF heart failure, HR hazard ratio, MI myocardial infarction, OR odds ratio, PSM portable sleep monitor, PSG polysomnography, TIA transient ischemic attack.