TABLE 1.

Examples of profiling and (solely) automated decision-making in healthcare services related to COVID-19.

	Examples
Profiling	The patient’s COVID-19 diagnosis is combined with her electronic health records (EHR). The AI system creates her health profile to predict the future severity of her disease (e.g., patients with diabetes have an increased chance of severe COVID-19 symptoms)
Solely automated decision-making	An AI system decides alone, without human involvement, if the COVID-19 patient can leave the hospital
Automated decision-making	There is a meaningful human involvement: the AI system in the hospital only supports the medical professionals who are making the final decisions