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Pathway and mechanism of exosomal miRNAs. In ECs, miRNA genes are transcribed into primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) initially and then form precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) processed by the Drosha complex. Because of the exportin5 complex, the pre-miRNAs are exported into the cytoplasm. Finally, through the digestion of the Dicer complex, the pre-miRNAs become mature. Mature miRNAs are sorted into exosomes depending on the nSMase2-dependent pathway, the hnRNP pathway, etc.
