Table 1.

Short Chain Fatty Acids Receptors Involved in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Receptor	G protein	Ligand	Cell	Refs
GPR41 (FFA3)	Gi/o	Acetate, propionate, and butyrate	Enteroendocrine cells (L cells) and neuronal cells	23-24, 26, 29, 30
GPR43 (FFA2)	Gi/o, Gq	Acetate, propionate, and butyrate	Enteroendocrine cells, (enterochromaffin cells and L cells), mast cells, and immune cells (neutrophils and eosinophils)	23-24, 27, 28, 29
GPR109A	Gi	Butyrate	Intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells (neutrophils and macrophages)	23-25, 31

GPR, G protein coupled receptors; FFA, free fatty acid receptors.