Figure 5.

Exosome effect on macrophage polarization. (A) Gene expression changes in IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and ARG1 after stimulation with exosomes. This experiment was repeated 3 times. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01 compared to macrophages without exosomes by independent-samples Student’s t-test with Bonferroni correction. (B) CD86-, CD163-positive cells and representative images of fields showing green-colored cytoplasm of macrophages in each group. Hoechst 33342 staining was performed to detect nuclear localization (blue color). Scale bar: 100 μm. IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.