Table 1. Baseline characteristics for nephritis during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
| Parameter | Total (N=328) | Non-cases (N=286) | Cases (N=42) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at ICIs initiation, yr | 63.27±9.36 | 63.26±9.44 | 63.28±8.87 | 0.990 | |
| Gender (male:female) | 264:64 | 230:56 | 34:8 | 0.927 | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Hypertension | 114 (34.8) | 94 (32.9) | 20 (7.6) | 0.069 | |
| Coronary heart disease | 30 (9.1) | 22 (7.7) | 8 (19.0) | 0.038 | |
| Diabetes | 50 (15.2) | 44 (15.4) | 6 (14.2) | 1.000 | |
| COPD | 39 (11.9) | 31 (10.8) | 8 (19.0) | 0.189 | |
| ICIs type, n (%) | |||||
| PD-L1 | 36 (10.9) | 30 (10.5) | 6 (14.3) | 0.467 | |
| PD-1 | 292 (89.0) | 256 (89.5) | 36 (85.7) | 0.467 | |
| Line of ICI therapy, n (%) | |||||
| First-line | 155 (47.3) | 134 (46.9) | 21 (50.0) | 0.61 | |
| ≥ Second-line | 173 (52.7) | 152 (53.1) | 21 (50.0) | ||
| Cycles of ICI therapy | 4.0 (2.0, 8.0) | 4 (2, 8) | 5.5 (4, 12.25) | 0.038 | |
| Combo ICIs and antiangiogenic, n (%) | 15 (4.6) | 14 (4.9) | 1 (2.4) | 0.443 | |
| Combo ICIs and chemotherapy, n (%) | 185 (56.4) | 160 (55.9) | 25 (59.5) | 0.682 | |
| Baseline peripheral blood results | |||||
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 76.31±19.77 | 76.24±18.85 | 76.83±25.42 | 0.856 | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 90.1 (79.1, 99.2) | 90.5 (78.05, 99.2) | 89.85 (81.1, 102.47) | 0.59 | |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 310.65±96.13 | 309.96±96.09 | 315.32±97.47 | 0.737 | |
| Albumin (g/L) | 36.9±5.5 | 36.92±5.51 | 37.11±5.45 | 0.829 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 122.66±19.07 | 122.78±18.99 | 121.78±19.85 | 0.751 | |
| ANA positive, n (%) | 79 (24.1) | 69 (24.1) | 10 (23.8) | 0.964 | |
| WBC, ×109/L | 6.44 (4.92, 8.37) | 6.56 (4.95, 8.425) | 6.105 (4.66, 7.99) | 0.287 | |
| ANC, ×109/L | 4.35 (3.18, 6.01) | 4.4 (3.215, 5.995) | 3.92 (2.91, 6.17) | 0.297 | |
| AEC, ×109/L | 0.11 (0.06, 0.32) | 0.12 (0.06, 0.2) | 0.095 (0.053, 0.175) | 0.162 | |
| AMC, ×109/L | 0.47 (0.36, 0.64) | 0.48 (0.37, 0.65) | 0.42 (0.30, 0.52) | 0.018 | |
| NLR | 3.5 (2.4, 5.7) | 3.45 (2.43, 5.80) | 3.63 (1.91, 5.63) | 0.477 | |
| LMR | 2.6 (1.79, 3.71) | 2.58 (1.72, 3.67) | 2.94 (1.89, 5.03) | 0.07 | |
| PLR | 169.93 (119.3, 252.7) | 169.9 (121.5, 254.4) | 172.7 (107.5, 252.8) | 0.827 | |
| PIV | 345.1 (184.9, 701.71) | 364 (193, 782.3) | 260.53 (133.9, 577.6) | 0.066 | |
| CD3 (/μL) | 855 (602, 1,157) | 840 (585, 1,157) | 873 (658, 1,161.2) | 0.580 | |
| CD4 (/μL) | 490.5 (319, 669.25) | 482.5 (317.5, 668) | 489.5 (325.5, 736.2) | 0.852 | |
| CD8 (/μL) | 303 (222.75, 458.25) | 303 (219.25, 464.5) | 307 (253.5, 425.25) | 0.873 | |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 7.47 (4.2, 21.85) | 7.66 (4.3, 22.9) | 6.91 (2.85, 13.77) | 0.230 | |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 32.2 (12.6, 75.6) | 30.35 (12, 74.4) | 46.2 (15.3, 99) | 0.288 | |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 5.0 (2.4, 5.0) | 5 (2.4, 5) | 5 (2.4, 5) | 0.5 | |
| C3 (g/L) | 1.27±0.25 | 1.27±0.24 | 1.21±0.28 | 0.252 | |
| C4 (g/L) | 0.37±0.12 | 0.38±0.12 | 0.33±0.12 | 0.084 | |
The data are shown as n (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median (25th, 75th). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; ANA, antinuclear antibody; WBC, white blood cell; ANC, absolute neutrophil count; AEC, absolute eosinophils count; AMC, absolute monocyte count; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; LMR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PIV, Pan immune and inflammation value; C3, complement C3; C4, complement C4.