Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to their final status (n=82)
| Overall (n=82) |
Prediabetes maintenance (n=52) | Regression to normal glucose tolerance (n=30) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 49.34±12.13 | 52.23+10.88 | 44.33±13.87 | 0.008 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male, n, (%) | 21 (25.6) | 13 (25) | 8 (26.6) | 0.868 |
| Diagnostic criteria at baseline | ||||
| Impaired fasting glucose only, n (%) | 6 (7) | 2 (3.8) | 4 (13.3) | |
| Impaired HbA1c% only, n (%) | 25 (30) | 15 (28.8) | 10 (33.3) | |
| Impaired glucose tolerance only, n (%) | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (3.3) | 0.117 |
| Two criteria | 36 (44) | 22 (42.3) | 14 (46.6) | |
| Three criteria | 13 (16) | 12 (23) | 1 (3.3) | |
| T2D family history, n (%) | 45 (56%) | 25 (48) | 20 (66.6) | 0.123 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 99.16±9.18 | 98.35±10.32 | 100.57±6.71 | 0.214 |
| Fasting insulin (U/mL) | 9.2 (6.20–13.40) | 9 (6–11.50) | 9.35 (6.7–14.47) | 0.371 |
| HbA1c% | 5.89±0.26 | 6±0.21 | 5.71±0.24 | 0.0001 |
| Glucose 120’ (mg/dL) | 129.41±30.43 | 131.33+31.23 | 125.97±29.17 | 0.442 |
| Aix75% | 36.5 (26–45.75) | 38.5 (30–46.25) | 30.5 (24.25–39.75) | 0.039 |
| Aix% | 39.5 (33–50) | 42.5 (34–51) | 37 (32–43) | 0.087 |
| Aortic augmentation index (mg Hg) | 16.5 (11–21) | 18 (11–23) | 14.5 (11.25–18.75) | 0.116 |
| PWV (m/s) | 6.21±0.95 | 6.21±0.89 | 6.21+1.07 | 0.985 |
| BMI | ||||
| Male | 30.97±4.37 | 30.42±4.63 | 32.86±4.05 | 0.462 |
| Female | 30.55±3.74 | 30.37±3.88 | 30.88±3.53 | 0.601 |
| Waist circumference | ||||
| Male | 101.96±11.69 | 98.90±10.95 | 106.91±11.82 | 0.141 |
| Female | 95.10±10.30 | 95.69±10.49 | 93.97±10.11 | 0.547 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | ||||
| Male | 0.95±0.06 | 0.94±0.07 | 0.95±0.06 | 0.693 |
| Female | 0.88±0.06 | 0.90±0.06 | 0.85±0.05 | 0.001 |
| Body fat % | ||||
| Male | 33.31+4.84 | 31.90+4.55 | 35.24+4.82 | 0.148 |
| Female | 43.07+4.79 | 42.83+5.15 | 43.48+4.66 | 0.597 |
| Free fat mass index | ||||
| Male | 19.44±2.03 | 19.37±2.43 | 19.54±1.46 | 0.855 |
| Female | 15.62±3.60 | 15.14±4.30 | 16.46±3.57 | 0.095 |
| Visceral adipose tissue volume | ||||
| Male | 1308±741.17 | 1172.73±780.74 | 1491.75±687.88 | 0.355 |
| Female | 1121±468.01 | 1164.14±490.29 | 1049.41±429.20 | 0.447 |
| Estimate daily caloric consumption (kcal) | 2114.43±901.19 | 1988.64±778.4 | 2332.46±1060.69 | 0.127 |
| Fat consumption percentage (%) | 31.81±12.40 | 31.75±12.35 | 31.92±12.69 | 0.951 |
| Protein consumption percentage (%) | 16.50 (13.15–21.93) | 17.20 (24.78–37.80) | 15.40 (13.77–22.53) | 0.736 |
| Carbohydrate consumption percentage (%) | 50.65±13.67 | 50.76±13.50 | 50.45±14.19 | 0.923 |
| Daily sugar consumption (g) | 56.50 (27.69–94.62) | 52.78 (25.52–87.08) | 60.11 (37.74–109.72) | 0.238 |
| Daily fiber consumption (g) | 13.10 (6.95–21.21) | 14.14 (9.07–22.91) | 9.02 (6.40–18.14) | 0.05 |
Differences between the two groups were computed with χ2 test for qualitative variables, t-test for parametric variables and Wilcoxon test for non-parametric variables.
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; PWV, pulse waive velocity; T2D, type 2 diabetes.