Table 1.
Characteristics of the non-diabetic study participants from the included studies
| Source | Petrie et al 2020 (DAPA-HF)26 |
Anker et al 2021 (EMPEROR-Reduced)28 |
Wheeler et al 2021 (DAPA-CKD)29 |
Filippatos et al 2022 (EMPEROR-Preserved)30* |
| Inclusion criteria | Chronic HFrEF, NYHA class II–IV with LVEF ≤40% and elevated NT-proBNP | Chronic HFrEF, NYHA class II–IV with LVEF ≤40% and elevated NT-proBNP | CKD, eGFR 25–75 mL/min/1.73 m2 and UACR 200–5000 mg/g | Chronic HFpEF, NYHA class II–IV with LVEF >40% and elevated NT-proBNP |
| Received standard of care | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Diabetes as a stratification variable in the trial | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Follow-up (years) | 1.5 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 |
| Total number of participants without diabetes | 2605 | 1874 | 1398 | 3050 |
| Type of intervention | Dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily | Placebo | Empagliflozin 10 mg once daily | Placebo | Dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily | Placebo | Empagliflozin 10 mg once daily | Placebo |
| Number of participants in each group | 1298 | 1307 | 936 | 938 | 697 | 701 | 1531 | 1519 |
| Age (years) | 66±12 | 66±12 | 68±12 | 66±12 | 57±15 | 56±15 | 73±10 | |
| Women, n (%) | 324 (25) | 308 (24) | 227 (24) | 238 (25) | 215 (31) | 245 (35) | 1420 (47) | |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||||
| White | 918 (71) | 926 (71) | 679 (73) | 665 (71) | 373 (54) | 376 (54) | 2334 (77) | |
| Black | 50 (4) | 48 (4) | 66 (7) | 71 (8) | 28 (4) | 26 (4) | 117 (4) | |
| Asian | 311 (24) | 314 (24) | 154 (17) | 160 (17) | 268 (38) | 267 (38) | 431 (14) | |
| Other | 19 (2) | 19 (2) | 37 (4) | 42 (5) | 28 (4) | 32 (5) | 167 (6) | |
| History of heart failure, n (%) | 1295 (100) | 1305 (100) | 936 (100) | 937 (100) | 58 (8) | 49 (7) | 3050 (100) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 121±16 | 120±16 | 122±16 | 120±15 | 132±16 | 133±17 | 130±15 | |
| Haemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.7±0.4 | 5.8±0.4 | 5.8±0.4 | 5.7±0.4 | 5.6±0.4 | 5.6±0.4 | 5.7±0.4 | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 68±19 | 68±19 | 63±21 | 63±21 | 42±12 | 42±12 | 62±19 | |
| eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, n (%) | 480 (37) | 464 (36) | 434 (46) | 426 (45) | 642 (92) | 650 (93) | 1478 (49) | |
| ACE inhibitor, n (%) | 737 (57) | 752 (58) | 451 (48) | 425 (45) | 222 (32) | 238 (34) | 1229 (40) | |
| ARB, n (%) | 357 (28) | 335 (26) | 213 (23) | 227 (24) | 460 (66) | 452 (64) | 1093 (36) | |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 1191 (92) | 1214 (93) | 779 (83) | 809 (86) | 210 (30) | 207 (30) | 2358 (77) | |
Data are the mean±SD or n (%).
*Characteristics of overall non-diabetic group data are presented for the EMPEROR-Preserved trial as no data for each intervention group can be extracted.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DAPA-CKD, Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease; DAPA-HF, Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EMPEROR-Preserved, Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction; EMPEROR-Reduced, Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams).