Table 1. Optimization of the Reaction Conditionsa.
yield
(%)b |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
entry | solvent | ammonium salt | base | conversion (%) | 2a | 3a |
1 | toluene | PhMe3NI | KOH | 81 | 56 | 19 |
2 | toluene | PhMe3NI | NaOH | 43 | 11 | 7 |
3 | toluene | PhMe3NI | LiOH·H2O | 28 | 6 | 0 |
4 | toluene | PhMe3NI | Cs2CO3 | 91 | 85 | 5 |
5 | toluene | PhMe3NI | no base | 7 | 0 | 0 |
6 | toluene | Me4NF | Cs2CO3 | 97 | 26 | 24 |
7 | toluene | Me4NCl | Cs2CO3 | 73 | 67 | 3 |
8 | toluene | Me4NBr | Cs2CO3 | 31 | 23 | 0 |
9 | toluene | Me4NI | Cs2CO3 | 8 | 4 | 0 |
10 | toluene | PhMe3NCl | Cs2CO3 | 96 | 78 | 7 |
11 | toluene | PhMe3NBr | Cs2CO3 | 99 | 78 | 11 |
12 | t-BuOHc | PhMe3NI | Cs2CO3 | 79 | 65 | 7 |
13 | CPME | PhMe3NI | Cs2CO3 | 94 | 74 | 7 |
14 | anisole | PhMe3NI | Cs2CO3 | 89 | 73 | 5 |
Reactions were performed on a 0.35 mmol scale, with 2 equiv of the base and 2 equiv of the ammonium salt under an Ar atmosphere at 120 °C with a reaction time of 18 h.
Yields were determined by quantitative 19F NMR using trifluoro toluene as the internal standard.
At 100 °C.