Table 2.

Gene expression analysis of key components of the insulin signalling cascade in quadriceps muscles from both young (12 weeks) and old (24 months) HF-fed wildtype and 11β-HSD1 knockout (KO) mice.

Gene	mRNA expression (arbitrary units) ± s.e.
	Young		Old		Fold change in expression with age
	Wildtype	11β-HSD1 KO	Wildtype	11β-HSD1 KO	Wildtype	11β-HSD1 KO
InsR	0.01071 ± 0.0009	0.0095 ± 0.0005	0.0122 ± 0.0003	0.0115 ± 0.0008	1.14	1.21
IRS1	0.0101 ± 0.0016	0.0091 ± 0.0012	0.0054 ± 0.0010¶	0.0083 ± 0.0009♯	0.53¶	0.91
PI3K (p85)	0.0081 ± 0.0012	0.0080 ± 0.0031	0.0182 ± 0.0031¶¶	0.0101 ± 0.0020♯♯	2.25¶¶	1.26
PI3K (p110)	0.0011 ± 0.0002	0.0011 ± 0.0003	0.0010 ± 0.0002	0.0011 ± 0.0003	0.91	1.00
AKT1	0.0071 ± 0.0002	0.0068 ± 0.0002	0.0079 ± 0.0003	0.0076 ± 0.0004	1.11	1.12
AKT2	0.0033 ± 0.0006	0.0036 ± 0.0007	0.0030 ± 0.0006	0.0035 ± 0.0005	0.91	0.97
PDK1	0.0081 ± 0.0010	0.0080 ± 0.0008	0.0084 ± 0.0012	0.0089 ± 0.0007	1.04	1.11
AS160	0.0036 ± 0.0010	0.0039 ± 0.0012	0.0072 ± 0.0011¶	0.0063 ± 0.0009¶	2.00¶	1.62¶
GLUT4	0.0569 ± 0.0091	0.0523 ± 0.0112	0.0921 ± 0.011¶¶	0.0929 ± 0.0099¶	1.62¶¶	1.78
PTP1b	0.0022 ± 0.0002	0.0008 ± 0.0001¶¶	0.0024 ± 0.0003	0.0007 ± 0.0001♯♯	1.09	0.88
SHP2	0.0115 ± 0.0042	0.0114 ± 0.0066	0.0100 ± 0.0031	0.0093 ± 0.0054	0.87	0.82
PP2A	0.0265 ± 0.0015	0.0127 ± 0.0021¶	0.0262 ± 0.0025	0.0177 ± 0.0032♯	0.99	1.39
PTEN	0.0101 ± 0.0063	0.0133 ± 0.0053	0.0142 ± 0.0059	0.0144 ± 0.0072	1.41	1.08

Statistical analysis was done using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison post hoc test to compare the effects of age and genotype. An n of 7–9 animals was used in each group.

^¶P < 0.05; ^¶¶P < 0.01 vs young WT; ^♯P < 0.05, ^♯♯P < 0.01vs old WT.