Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Variable | All (n = 393) |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 56.0 (48.0–65.0) |
| Male, n (%) | 287 (73.0%) |
| Weight, kg | 70.0 (60.0–75.0) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.7 (21.2–25.7) |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 361 (91.9%) |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 269 (68.4%) |
| SOFA score | 8.0 (6.0–10.0) |
| APACHE II score | 18.0 (13.0–23.0) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |
| Diabetes | 127 (32.3%) |
| Malignancy | 53 (13.5%) |
| Hypertension | 162 (41.2%) |
| Heart disease | 97 (24.7%) |
| Stroke | 92 (23.4%) |
| Sepsis | 186 (47.3%) |
| Septic shock | 153 (38.9%) |
| Pathogen, n (%) | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 177 (42.7%) |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 168 (40.5%) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 44 (10.6%) |
| Escherichia coli | 17 (4.1%) |
| Pneumogenic klebsiella | 9 (2.2%) |
| Polymyxin B treatment | |
| Duration days | 13.0 (8.0–18.0) |
| Daily dose, mg | 150.0 (100.0–150.0) |
| Daily dose/weight, mg/kg/day | 2.12 (1.67–2.50) |
| Concomitant antibiotics, n (%) | |
| Carbapenem | 209 (53.2%) |
| Cephalosporin | 184 (46.8%) |
| Tigecycline | 136 (34.6%) |
| Rifampicin | 25 (6.4%) |
| Aminoglycosides | 12 (3.1%) |
| Fosfomycin | 8 (2.0%) |
| Aztreonam | 7 (1.8%) |
| Laboratory data | |
| GFR, mL/min·1.73m2 | 101.2 (71.3–118.3) |
| Scr, µmol/L | 62.0 (45.3–93.4) |
| Albumin, g/L | 30.0 (27.2–34.9) |
| White blood cell, 109/L | 11.2 (8.0–15.7) |
| Platelets, 109/L | 168.5 (88.0–275.3) |
| C-reactive protein, μg/L | 72.2 (34.6–140.0) |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 1.0 (0.4–3.6) |
| Concomitant nephrotoxic drugs, n (%) | |
| Vancomycin | 83 (21.1%) |
| Aminoglycoside | 12 (3.1%) |
| Amphotericin B | 35 (8.9%) |
| Furosemide | 154 (39.2%) |
| Vasoactive drugs | 195 (50.5%) |
| Immunosuppressant | 32 (8.1%) |
| Use of nephrotoxic drugsa | 289 (73.5%) |
| AUCss,24 h, mg h/L | 58.5 (40.6–77.2) |
| C0h, mg L−1 | 1.24 (0.74–1.93) |
Data were n (%) or median (interquartile range, IQR)
AKI acute kidney injury; BMI body mass index; ICU intensive care unit; SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; APACHE II Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation II; GFR glomerular filtration rate; Scr serum creatinine; AUCss,24 h, the area under the curve across 24 h at steady state; and C0h concentration pre-dose
anephrotoxic drug including vancomycin, aminoglycoside, amphotericin B, furosemide, vasoactive drugs, and immunosuppressant