FIG 4.
Mutation (A), resistance (B), and evolutionary patterns (C, D). (A) Mutation spectrum of MA lines from the control (orange) and AgNPs treatment (blue). (B) Survival curves of single colonies randomly chosen from experimental evolution lines. (C) Mean mutant allele frequencies of genomic sites in the control or the AgNPs-treated experimental evolution lines. The genes with the top 30 mutation frequencies are marked. Note that the symbols for identical genes (for example, cusS, arcA, and gltP/yjcO) actually represent different sites, which seemingly occur at the same site due to a genome-wide scale. (D) Mean mutant allele frequencies of genes in each group (control or AgNPs-treated) and Ka/Ks of each gene.