Table 3.

Urban spatial structure layout.

Natural factors		Affect the result	Reason	Example
Terrain	Plain	Most cities are located in the plains	Flat terrain, fertile soil, convenient for farming	Most of our cities are on the third ladder
	Plateau	Cities in the tropics are mostly distributed on the plateau	The tropics are hot in the lowlands and cool in the highlands	Brasilia
	Mountains	Cities are mainly distributed in the middle and low latitudes	The surface is relatively flat with abundant water sources	Fenhe and Weihe valleys
Climate	Suitable climate	Cities are distributed along river valley bottoms or open lowlands	Moderate precipitation, moderate temperature	High proportion of cities in wet areas
	Bad weather	There are few cities in desert areas, alpine areas, and hot and humid areas	Unfavorable precipitation or temperature conditions	There are few cities in the arid regions of northwest my country
River	Water supply	Cities are often distributed along rivers	Cities need a lot of water for domestic and production use	Cities along the Yangtze river
	Transportation	The starting point and ending point of the river can easily form a city	Goods are gathered and transshipped here	Ganzhou
		It is easy to form cities at the confluence of main and tributaries	Mass flow of people and logistics	Yibin, Chongqing, Wuhan
		Where the river bends more	Interchange between river and sea	Shanghai, Guangzhou
	Military defense	Where the river bends more	Defence with natural river surface	Bern, Paris