Table 1.

Chemical Constituents Isolated from SGB

No.	Compounds	Part	Reference
Flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides
1	Taxifolin	Rhizomes	[5]
2	Naringenin	Rhizomes	[6]
3	Dihydrokaempferol	Rhizomes	[7]
4	Sakuranetin	Rhizomes	[7]
5	Isoastilbin	Rhizomes	[6]
6	Astilbin	Rhizomes roots	[14]
7	Neoisoastilbin	Rhizomes	[60]
8	Neoastilbin	Rhizomes	[7]
9	Engeletin	Rhizomes	[12]
10	Arthromerin B	Rhizomes	[7]
11	Sinensin	Rhizomes	[7]
12	(2R,3R)-taxifolin 3’-O-A-D-glucopyranoside	Rhizomes	[60]
13	(2S,3S)-glucodistylin	Rhizomes	[7]
14	Isoengeletin	Rhizomes	[14]
15	Quercetin-4’-O-β-D-pyr-anglucoside	Rhizomes	[61]
16	(-)-epicatechin	Rhizomes	[11]
17	(+)-catechin	Rhizomes	[7]
18	Cinchonain Ib	Rhizomes	[7]
19	Cinchonain Ia	Rhizomes	[7]
20	Apigenin	Rhizomes	[7]
21	Quercetin	Rhizomes	[7]
22	Luteolin	Rhizomes	[7]
23	Myricetin	Rhizomes	[7]
24	Kukulkanin B	Rhizomes	[7]
25	Smilachromanone	Rhizomes	[7]
26	4,4’, 6-trihydroxyaurone	Rhizomes	[7]
27	Aureusidin	Rhizomes	[7]
28	7,6’-dihydroxy-3’-methox-yisoflavone	Roots	[7]
29	(2R, 3R) -taxifolin-3′-O-β-D-pyr angl-ucoside	Rhizomes	[60]
30	2(S)-5-hydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxyflavanone-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(16)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	Rhizomes	[8]
31	5-hydroxy-3, 8-dimethoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(16)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	Rhizomes	[8]
32	3, 7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(16)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	Rhizomes	[8]
33	Dihy-droquercetin	Rhizomes	[8]
Phenolic and phenolic acids
34	Smiglabrone A	Rhizomes	[7]
35	Smiglabrone B	Rhizomes	[7]
36	Smilachromanone	Rhizomes	[7]
37	Smiglastilbene	Rhizomes	[7]
38	Smiglactone	Rhizomes	[7]
39	Smiglabrol	Rhizomes	[7]
40	Vanillin	Rhizomes	[7]
41	p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde	Rhizomes	[7]
42	Acetovanillone	Rhizomes	[7]
43	(+)-scytalone	Rhizomes	[7]
44	Glucosyringic acid	Rhizomes	[7]
45	Protocatechuic acid	Rhizomes	[7]
46	3-methoxygallic acid	Rhizomes	[7]
47	Vanillic acid 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester	Rhizomes	[7]
48	Hydroxytyrosol	Rhizomes	[7]
49	Lasiodiplodin	Rhizomes	[9]
50	De-O-methyllasiodiplodin	Rhizomes	[9]
51	Resveratrol-3-O-β-D-gluco-pyranoside	Rhizomes	[10]
52	3,4,5-tri-methoxyphenyl-1-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside	Rhizomes	[10]
53	3,4,5-tri-methoxyphenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	Rhizomes	[10]
54	3,4-di-hydroxyphenothyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	Rhizomes	[10]
55	2,4,6-trihydroxy acetophenone-2,4-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	Rhizomes	[10]
56	8,8′-bisdihydrosyringeninglucoside	Rhizomes	[10]
Stilbene and organic acids
57	Resveratrol	Rhizomes	[11]
58	Trans-resveratrol	Rhizomes	[7]
59	Trans-piceid	Rhizomes	[7]
60	Piceatannol	Rhizomes	[7]
61	Syringic acid	Rhizomes	[7]
62	5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid	Rhizomes	[12]
63	2-methyl-succinic acid	Rhizomes	[7]
64	Shikimic acid	Rhizomes	[13]
65	Ferulic acid	Rhizomes	[13]
66	Palmitic acid	Rhizomes	[14]
67	Lignoceric acid	Rhizomes	[13]
68	Succinic acid	Rhizomes	[14]
Phenylpropanoids and lignans
69	Trans-caffeic acid	Rhizomes	[7]
70	5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid	Rhizomes	[7]
71	3-O-p-coumaroylshikimic acid	Rhizomes	[7]
72	(2S)-1,2-O-di-trans-p-coumaroylglycerol	Rhizomes	[7]
73	Juncusyl ester B	Rhizomes	[7]
74	1-O-p-coumaroylglycerol	Rhizomes	[7]
75	(-)-secoisolariciresinol	Rhizomes	[7]
76	4-ketopinoresinol	Rhizomes	[7]
77	Smiglabranol	Rhizomes	[7]
78	(+)-lyoniresinol	Rhizomes	[7]
79	KompasinolA	Rhizomes	[7]
80	Aiphanol	Rhizomes	[7]
81	Smiglaside A	Rhizomes	[94]
82	Smiglaside B	Rhizomes	[94]
83	Smiglaside C	Rhizomes	[94]
84	Smiglaside D	Rhizomes	[94]
85	Smiglaside E	Rhizomes	[94]
86	Helonioside A	Rhizomes	[94]
87	(3,6-di-O-feruloyl)-b-D-fructofuranosyl-(3,6-di-O-acetyl)-a-D-glu-copyranoside	Rhizomes	[94]
88	Smiglanin	Rhizomes	[7]
89	Smiglabranol	Rhizomes	[15]
90	Syringaresinol	Rhizomes	[9]
91	1,4-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-butanediol	Rhizomes	[94]
92	Methylcaffeate	Rhizomes	[94]
93	3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1-(40-hydroxy-30, 50-dimeth oxyphenyl)-1-propanone	Rhizomes	[96]
94	(+)-syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranoside	Rhizomes	[94]
Steroids and steroid glycosides
95	β-sitosterol	Rhizomes	[14]
96	Daucosterol	Rhizomes	[14]
97	Stigmasterol	Rhizomes	[97]
98	Stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-gluco-pyranoside	Rhizomes	[97]
99	Diosgenin	Rhizomes	[99]
100	Smilagenin	Rhizomes	[98]
101	β-sitosterol palmitate	Rhizomes	[61]
Volatile oil
102	Heptanoic acid, isopropyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
103	Pentanoic acid, propyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
104	Butanedioic acid, diethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
105	Caproic acid, methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
106	Hexanedioic acid, ethylmethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
107	Pentanoic acid 4-oxo-, butyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
108	Nonanoic acid, ethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
109	Butane,1,1,1”-methylidynetris(oxy) tris	Rhizomes	[14]
110	Octane diacid, dimethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
111	Nonane diacid, dimethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
112	Heptane- diacid, dimethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
113	Nonanediacid, ethyl methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
114	Longipinanes	Rhizomes	[14]
115	3-methyldodecane	Rhizomes	[14]
116	Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
117	4-dodecanoic acid, methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
118	Butanedioic acid, dibutylester	Rhizomes	[14]
119	Pentanedioic acid, dibutyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
120	Dodecanoic acid, ethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
121	Butanoic acid, octyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
122	3-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
123	Honandioic acid, diethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
124	Hexadecane	Rhizomes	[14]
125	Tetradecanoic acid, methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
126	Tetradecanoic acid, ethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
127	2,4-dimethyl-3-hexanone	Rhizomes	[14]
128	Pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
129	Decanedioic acid, diethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
130	5-hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
131	Pentadecanoic acid, ethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
132	5,9-tetradecadienoic acid, methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
133	Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
134	1,1-benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
135	10-hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
136	Hexadecenoic acid	Rhizomes	[14]
137	Heptadecanoic acid	Rhizomes	[14]
138	Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
139	Eicosane	Rhizomes	[14]
140	Heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
141	9,12-octadecadienoic acid,methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
142	7-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
143	16-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
144	Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
145	9,10-octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
146	8-octadecenoic acid, ethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
147	9-octadecenoic acid, ethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
148	Octadecanoic acid 2-methyl methyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
149	Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester	Rhizomes	[14]
150	Nonane	Rhizomes	[15]
151	L-linalool	Rhizomes	[15]
152	1-terpineol	Rhizomes	[15]
153	L-borneol	Rhizomes	[15]
154	Terpinen-4-ol	Rhizomes	[15]
155	Alpha-Terpineol	Rhizomes	[15]
156	(-)-bormylacetate	Rhizomes	[15]
157	(E,E)-2,4-decadienal	Rhizomes	[15]
158	Dihydrop-Ionon	Rhizomes	[15]
159	a-cedrol	Rhizomes	[15]
160	B-eudesmol	Rhizomes	[15]
161	a-eudesmol	Rhizomes	[15]
162	Myristic acid	Rhizomes	[15]
163	Methyl palmitate	Rhizomes	[15]
164	8,11-octadecadienoic acid	Rhizomes	[15]
165	Methyl linolenate methyl ester	Rhizomes	[15]
166	Linoleic acid	Rhizomes	[15]
167	Stearic acid	Rhizomes	[15]
168	Docosane	Rhizomes	[15]
169	Tricosane	Rhizomes	[15]
170	Hexanal	Rhizomes	[16]
171	Phenylethylene	Rhizomes	[16]
172	7-methyl-7H-Dibenzo[b, g]carbazole	Rhizomes	[16]
173	Octanal	Rhizomes	[16]
174	D-Limonene	Rhizomes	[16]
175	g-Terpinene	Rhizomes	[16]
176	Nonanal	Rhizomes	[16]
177	(-)-4-Terpineo	Rhizomes	[16]
178	Decanal	Rhizomes	[16]
179	Tridecane	Rhizomes	[16]
180	Dodecanal	Rhizomes	[16]
181	11-Diacetoxydodecane	Rhizomes	[16]
182	Caryophyllenel	Rhizomes	[16]
183	Geranylacetone	Rhizomes	[16]
184	2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-Phenol	Rhizomes	[16]
185	Nonahexacontanoic acid	Rhizomes	[16]
186	Hentriacontane	Rhizomes	[16]
187	7,9-dimethyl-Hexadecane	Rhizomes	[16]
188	2,2,5,5-tetramethylbiphenyl	Rhizomes	[16]
189	7-Methyl-octadecane7	Rhizomes	[16]
190	Pristane	Rhizomes	[16]
191	1-(hexadecyloxy)-Hexadecane	Rhizomes	[16]
192	2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-Octadecane	Rhizomes	[16]