Box 4.

Key messages for effective uncertainty communication

Uncertainty is an inherent part of the scientific process and will persist to some degree regardless of the approach. The understanding and extent of uncertainty, particularly in relation to our confidence in the results, is critical to open and transparent communication of scientific findings Set up your aims: Establish and communicate a clear objective and indicators of success. Know your audience: Define the target audiences, understand their values and motivations, identify their needs and potential agenda, and understand how uncertainty may steer the decision-making process and the decisions. Adapt your message and communication approach accordingly. Avoid jargon: Keep the usage of jargon to a minimum and explain scientific terms clearly. Train participants: Ensure participants have adequate instructions and understanding so providing benefits through democratisation of science by increasing scientific literacy while also reducing errors and uncertainty. Develop a reciprocal dialogue: Communication should occur between project coordinators and volunteer recorders. Channels for easy communication should be set up and encouraged by project organisers. Ask for feedback: Actively seek discussion and feedback throughout the communication effort. This will help determine where potential misunderstandings may be arising. Acknowledge uncertainty and communicate about it explicitly: Discuss the sources of uncertainty, explain why it exists, describe what, if anything, can be done to manage it better. Explain the level of uncertainty that is relevant for decision-making. Build trust with your audience: Be honest, transparent and unbiased in communicating with your audience. Trust between communicator and audience is essential for effective communication. Share your stories: We can improve our application of community science to biodiversity studies by highlighting the successes and, importantly, failures of projects while also sharing the excitement of the collaborative outcomes.