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. 2022 Oct 18;13:6163. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33804-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a The mefloquine resistance of a transgenic parasite, into which pfmdr7 of the MEF1 (red) and the 3D7 (blue) were introduced, were examined. In addition, the mefloquine resistance of the 3D7 (black), the MEF1 (orange), and the negative control parasite (yellow) into which only pFCENv1 was introduced were also examined. b The mRNA level of pfmdr7 in the MEF1(orange) was analyzed by RT-qPCR. In addition, those of three mefloquine-sensitive (yellow) and two mefloquine-resistant parasites (red), which were collected from patients living in the Thai–Myanmar border area, were analyzed. Strains 3D7 (green) were used as a negative control. All assays were performed using n = 3 biological independent samples of each parasite strains. Error bars are SEM, and the measure of the center is the means value. The P values were calculated from statistical analysis with a two-sided Student’s t test. Asterisks indicate P values <0.05 for comparisons between the 3D7 and the resistant parasites. c The promoter activities of the pfmdr7 of the MEF1 (red) and the 3D7 (bule) were examined using the transgenic parasites, in which the plasmids having each promoter were introduced. Transfection was performed in duplicates for each plasmid. The relative changes of luminescence of transgenic parasites were estimated based on one transgenic parasite, in which the promoter of pfmdr7 of the 3D7 was introduced. Assays were performed using n = 3 biological independent samples of transgenic parasites. Error bars are SEM, and the measure of the center is the means value. The P values were calculated from statistical analysis with a two-sided Student’s t test. Asterisks indicate P values <0.005 for comparison between the samples. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.