Table 1.
Summary of studies on the metabolites of MFH plants-derived endophytic fungi and their activities.
| Endophyte | Host Plant | Pathogen/Cancer Cell (Inhibition rate or IC50 value) | Metabolites | Taxonomy of metabolites | Activity | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chaetomium globosum | Dioscorea Opposita | HL-60, A-549, SMMC7721, MCF7, SW480 (51–96%) | Yamchaetoglobosin A (1) | Alkaloids | Anti-cancer | Ruan et al. (2017) |
| Trichoderma harzianum | Zingiber officinale | Mycobacterium tuberculosis (25 mg/mL) | Pretrichodermamide A (2) | Alkaloids | Anti-microbial | Harwoko et al. (2021) |
| Epicoccum nigrum | Zingiber officinale | L5178Y, Ramos, Jurkat J16 (1.3–28 mM) | Epicorazine A (3) | Alkaloids | Anti-cancer | |
| Phomopsis sp. | Polygonatum sibiricum | A2780 | Epoxycytochalasin H (4) | Alkaloids | Anti-cancer | Xu (2020) |
| Phoma sp. JS0228 | Morus alba | MCF-7 (0.29 mM), LNCaP (0.36 mM) | Macrooxazoles C (5) | Alkaloids | Anti-cancer | Ku et al. (2021) |
| Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Piper nigrum | – | Piperine (6) | Alkaloids | Anti-inflammatory | Krishna et al. (2020) |
| Chaetomium sp. SYP-F7950 | Panax notoginseng | MDA-MB-231 (26.49 μmol L−1) | Chetoseminudin F (7) | Alkaloids | Anti-cancer | Peng et al. (2019) |
| A549, MDA-MB-231 (2.75–8.68 μmol L−1) | Chaetocochin C (8), chetomin A (9), chetomin C (10), chetomin (11) | Alkaloids | Anti-cancer | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, Candida albicans (0.12–9.6 μg mL−1) | Chaetocochin C (8), chetomin A (9), chetomin C (10), chetomin (11) | Alkaloids | Anti-microbial | |||
| Chaetomium globosum 7951 | Panax notoginseng | MCF-7, MDA-MB231, H460, HCT-8 (4.5–65.0 mM) | Demethylchaetocochin C (12), chaetoperazine A (13), 4-formyl-N-(30-hydroxypyridin-20-yl) benzamide (14), chetomin (15) | Alkaloids | Anti-cancer | Wang, F. et al. (2019) |
| Penicillium sp. T2-8 | Gastrodia elata | Candida albicans (128 μg/mL) | Preaustinoid D (16), dihydroxyneogrifolic acid (17) | Terpenoids | Anti-microbial | Duan et al. (2016) |
| Bacillus subtilis (8 μg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (32 μg/mL) | Dihydroxyneogrifolic acid (17) | Terpenoids | Anti-microbial | |||
| Bacillus subtilis (4 μg/mL) | Preaustinoid A1 (18) | Terpenoids | Anti-microbial | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus (4 μg/mL) | Austin (20), (S)-18,19-dihydroxyneogrifolin (21), | Terpenoids | Anti-microbial | |||
| Escherichia coli (8 μg/mL) | (S)-18,19-dihydroxyneogrifolin (21) | Terpenoids | Anti-microbial | |||
| – | Dehydroaustinol (19), neogrifolin (22) | Terpenoids | – | |||
| Bipolaris sp. L1-2 | Lycium barbarum | NCI–H226, MDA-MB-231 (5.5–9.5 μM) | Bipolahydroquinones A-C (23–25), cochlioquinones I–N (26–30 and 33), isocochlioquinones F and G (31 and 32) | Terpenoids | Anti-cancer | Long et al. (2019) |
| Pestalotiopsis sp. DO14 | Dendrobium officinale | Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus fumigatus (more than 50 μg/mL) | (4S,6S)-6-[(1S,2R)-1, 2-dihydroxybutyl]4-hydroxy-4-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one (34), (6S,2E)-6-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-oxodec-2-enoic acid (35), LL-P880γ (36), LL-P880α (37) | Terpenoids | Anti-microbial | Wu et al. (2016) |
| Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus fumigatus (higher than 200 μg/mL) | ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3b-ol (38) | Terpenoids | Anti-microbial | |||
| MKN45, LOVO, A549, HL-60 (lower than 200 μM) | (4S,6S)-6-[(1S,2R)-1, 2-dihydroxybutyl]4-hydroxy-4-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one (34), (6S,2E)-6-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-oxodec-2-enoic acid (35), LL-P880γ (36), LL-P880α (37), ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3b-ol (38) | Terpenoids | Anti-cancer | |||
| Emericella sp. XL 029 | Panax notoginseng | Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli (25–50 μg/mL) | Emericellins A (39) and B (40) | Terpenoids | Anti-microbial | Pang et al. (2018) |
| Penicillium sp. | Zingiber officinale | L5278Y, A2780 | Shearilicine (41) | Terpenoids | Anti-cancer | Ariantari et al. (2019) |
| Drechmeria sp. | Panax notoginseng | Candida albicans (12.5 μg/mL) | Drechmerins B (42) | Terpenoids | Anti-microbial | Zhao, J. C. et al. (2018) |
| Hypomontagnella monticulosa Zg15SU | Zingiber griffithii | PANC-1 (0.05 ppm), NBT-T2 (0.75 ppm), HCT116 (0.05 ppm) | Terpenoid-alkaloid (43) | Terpenoids | Anti-cancer | Lut et al. (2021) |
| PANC-1 (0.71 ppm), NBT-T2 (0.30 ppm), HCT116 (0.67 ppm) | Sesterterpenoid (44) | Terpenoids | Anti-cancer | |||
| Colletotrichum sp. JS-0361 | Morus alba | MCF-7 (35.06 and 25.20 μM) | Colletotrichalactones A-Ca (45–47a) | Polyketides | Anti-cancer | Bang et al. (2020) |
| Pleosporales sp. Sigrf05 | Siraitia grosvenorii | HCT-116, HepG2, BGC-823, NCI–H1650, Daoy (1.26–47.5 μM) | Pleospyrones A-E (48–52), congener (53) | Polyketides | Anti-cancer | Lai et al. (2020) |
| Chaetomium globosum | Polygonatum sibiricum | HepG-2 (38.6 μM) | Chaephilone C (54) | Polyketides | Anti-cancer | Song, C. et al. (2020) |
| Penicillium citrinum | Dendrobium officinale | MG63 (3.49 μmol L−1) | Peptide-polyketide hybrid GKK1032B (55) | Polyketides | Anti-cancer | Na et al. (2022) |
| Alternaria sp. | Ziziphus jujuba | L5178Y (1.7 μM) | Alternariol (56) | Polyketides | Anti-cancer | Orfali et al. (2017) |
| L5178Y (7.8 μM) | Alternariol-5-O-methyl ether (57) | Polyketides | Anti-cancer | |||
| L5178Y (6.8 μM) | Altenusin (58) | Polyketides | Anti-cancer | |||
| L5178Y (6.2 μM) | Altertoxin II (59) | Polyketides | Anti-cancer | |||
| Trichoderma koningiopsis YIM PH3000 | Panax notoginseng | Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli (128 μg/mL) | Koninginin W (60), koninginin D (61), 7-O-methylkoninginin D (62), koninginin T (63) and koninginin A (64) | Polyketides | Anti-microbial | Wang, Y. L. et al. (2021) |
| Emericella sp. XL 029 | Panax notoginseng | Micrococcus lysodeikticus, Salmonella typhimurium (25–50 μg/mL) | Emericelactones A-D (65–68) | Polyketides | Anti-microbial | Pang et al. (2018) |
| Colletotrichum sp. JS-0367 | Morus alba | – | 1,3-dihydroxy-2,8dimethoxy-6-methylanthraquinone (69) | Quinones | Anti-inflammatory | Fibroblasts et al. (2021) |
| Fusarium solani JS-0169 | Morus alba | HT22 | Fusarubin (70) | Quinones | Anti-cancer | Choi et al. (2020) |
| Fusarium solani | Cassia alata | – | Ergosterol (71) | Quinones | – | Khan et al. (2018) |
| – | Anhydrofusarubin (72), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (73), bostrycoidin (74), fusarubin (75) | Quinones | Anti-oxidant | |||
| Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli | Anhydrofusarubin (72), bostrycoidin (74), fusarubin (75), 3-deoxyfusarubin (76) | Quinones | Anti-microbial | |||
| Vero (25%) | 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (73), bostrycoidin (74) | Quinones | Anti-cancer | |||
| Vero (35%) | Anhydrofusarubin (72), 3,5,9-trihydroxyergosta-7,22-diene-6-one (77) | Quinones | Anti-cancer | |||
| Alternaria tenuissima F1 | Angelica sinensis | – | EPS (78) | Polysaccharides | Anti-oxidant | Wang, Y. et al. (2019) |
| Fusarium solani DO7 | Dendrobium officinale | – | DGS1 (79) and DGS2 (80) | Polysaccharides | Anti-oxidant | Zeng et al., 2019a, Zeng et al., 2019b |
| Penicillium citreonigrum CSL-27 | Crocus sativus | – | EPS (81) | Polysaccharides | Anti-oxidant | Mag et al. (2018) |
| K562 (46.16%), A549 (44.97%), HL-60 (44.95%), HeLa (33.10%) | EPS (81) | Polysaccharides | Anti-cancer | |||
| Aspergillus terreus-RTN3 | Alpinia chinensis | – | MM2 (82) | Esters | Anti-oxidant | Suhartati (2020) |
| MCF-7 (42.26 μg/mL), Hela (39.21 μg/mL), HepG2 (48.30 μg/mL), NCI–H460 (50.26 μg/mL) | MM2 (82) | Esters | Anti-cancer | |||
| Penicillium sp. | Panax notoginseng | HepG2 (0.024 μM) | Brefeldin A (83) and brefeldin A 7-O-acetate (84) | Esters | Anti-cancer | Xie et al. (2017) |
| Aspergillus austroafricanus CGJ-B3 | Zingiber officinale | – | EAE (85) | Phenols | Anti-oxidant | Danagoudar et al. (2017) |
| Aspergillus flavipes DZ-3 | Eucommia ulmoides | – | 3,4-dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid (86), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester (87) | Phenols | Anti-oxidant | Liu, W. et al. (2021) |
| Phomopsis sp. XP-8 | Eucommia ulmoides | HepG2 | Pinoresinol (Pin) (88), Pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG) (89) | Phenols | Anti-cancer | Li, Q. et al. (2016) |
| Fusarium tricinctum | Hordeum sativum | Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria | Enniatins (ENs) (90) | Polypeptides | Anti-microbial | Zaher et al. (2015) |
| Fusarium sp. TP-G1 | Dendrobium officinale | Staphylococcus aureus (2 μg/mL), MRSA (2 μg/mL), Acinetobacter baumannii (>128 μg/mL) | Trichosetin (91), beauvericin A (93) | Polypeptides | Anti-microbial | Zaher et al. (2015) |
| Staphylococcus aureus (4 μg/mL), MRSA (4 μg/mL), Acinetobacter baumannii (>128 μg/mL) | Beauvericin (92) | Polypeptides | Anti-microbial | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus (128 μg/mL), MRSA (128 μg/mL), Acinetobacter baumannii (>128 μg/mL) | Enniatin B (94), | Polypeptides | Anti-microbial | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus (32 μg/mL), MRSA (32 μg/mL), Acinetobacter baumannii (>128 μg/mL) | Enniatin H (95) | Polypeptides | Anti-microbial | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus (8 μg/mL), MRSA (16 μg/mL), Acinetobacter baumannii (>128 μg/mL) | Enniatin I (96) | Polypeptides | Anti-microbial | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus (4 μg/mL), MRSA (8 μg/mL), Acinetobacter baumannii (>128 μg/mL) | Enniatin MK1688 (97) | Polypeptides | Anti-microbial | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus (>128 μg/mL), MRSA (>128 μg/mL), Acinetobacter baumannii (64 μg/mL) | Fusaric acid (98) | Polypeptides | Anti-microbial | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus (>128 μg/mL), MRSA (>128 μg/mL), Acinetobacter baumannii (128 μg/mL) | Dehydrofusaric acid (99) | Polypeptides | Anti-microbial | |||
| MCF-7 (12.4 μg/mL) | Beauvericin (92) | Polypeptides | Anti-cancer | |||
| MCF-7 (12.22 μg/mL) | Enniatin B (94) | Polypeptides | Anti-cancer | |||
| MCF-7 (11.46 μg/mL) | Enniatin H (95) | Polypeptides | Anti-cancer | |||
| MCF-7 (10.27 μg/mL) | Enniatin I (96) | Polypeptides | Anti-cancer | |||
| BL16F10 (15.2 μg/mL) | Beauvericin (92) | Polypeptides | Anti-cancer | |||
| BL16F10 (10.64 μg/mL) | Enniatin B (94) | Polypeptides | Anti-cancer | |||
| BL16F10 (8.39 μg/mL) | Enniatin H (95) | Polypeptides | Anti-cancer | |||
| BL16F10 (9.46 μg/mL) | Enniatin I (96) | Polypeptides | Anti-cancer | |||
| Fusarium sp. | Mentha longifolia | Candida albicans (8.3 μg/disc) | Fusaristerol A (100) | Steroids | Anti-microbial | Chester et al. (2017) |
| HCT-116 (0.21 μM) | Fusaristerol A (100) | Steroids | Anti-cancer | |||
| Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis BJA-1 | Syzygium samarangense | – | 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl flavanone (101) | Flavonoids | Anti-oxidant | Budiono et al. (2019) |
| Aspergillus aculeatus MBT 102 | Rosa damascena | MDA-MB-231 (16.6 μM) | Secalonic acid derivative F-7 (102) | Organic acids | Anti-cancer | Farooq et al. (2020) |
| Curvularia papendorfii | Vernonia amygdalina | HCoV 229 E, FCV F9 (128 μg/mL) | The EtOAc extract of Curvularia papendorfii (103) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-microbial | Khiralla et al. (2020) |
| MCF-7 (21.5 ± 5.9 μg/mL) | The EtOAc extract of Curvularia papendorfii (103) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-cancer | |||
| Fusarium sp. CK F05-5 | Dendrobium lindleyi | – | The CK F05-5-EtOAc extract (104) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-oxidant | Bungtongdee et al. (2019) |
| Fusarium oxysporum TY5 | Dendrobium officinale | HepG2 (320 μg/mL) | The TY5-EtOAc extract (105) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-cancer | Ty et al. (2018) |
| Phomopsis heveicola | Piper longum | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%), Shigella sonnei (25%), Streptococcus pyogenes (17%), Salmonella typhimurium (23%) | Valproic acid-treated Fungal Extractives of Phomopsis heveicola (106) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-microbial | Ameen et al. (2021) |
| Aspergillus cejpii ST9.1 | Nelumbo nucifera | MRSA (2.5 mg/mL) | The ST9.1-EtOAc extract (107) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-microbial | Techaoei et al. (2020) |
| Fusarium spp. | Ginkgo biloba | Hela | The EtOAc extract of Fusarium spp. (108) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-cancer | Engel (2019) |
| Colletotrichum sp. | Curcuma longa | MCF-7 (500 ppm) | The EtOAc extract of Colletotrichum sp. (109) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-cancer | Line et al. (2016) |
| Nigrospora sphaerica | Cornus florida | U251, A549 (10 μg/mL) | The EtOAc extract of Nigrospora sphaerica (110) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-cancer | Maheshwari et al. (2018) |
| Gaeumannomyces sp. JS0464 | Phragmites communis | – | The JS0464-EtOAc extract (111) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-inflammatory | Lee et al. (2017) |
| Aspergillus sp. AP5 | Phragmites australis | Staphylococcus aureus (53.04%), Escherichia coli (61.23%), Klebsiella sp. (51.16%), Proteus vulgaris (15.44%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.25%) | The AP5-EtOAc extract (112) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-microbial | Abdelgawad et al. (2022) |
| Candida albicans (40.14%) | The AP5-EtOAc extract (112) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-microbial | |||
| Colletotrichum coccodes | Houttuynia cordata | Candida albicans (125 μg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (125 μg/mL), Escherichia coli (125 μg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (250 μg/mL) | The EtOAc extract of Colletotrichum coccodes (113) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-microbial | (Talukdar et al., 2021; Talukdar et al., 2021) |
| Staphylococcus aureus (19 mm), Escherichia coli (19 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18 mm), Candida albicans (21 mm) | The EtOAc extract of Colletotrichum coccodes (114) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-microbial | |||
| Phyllosticta capitalensis | Houttuynia cordata | Staphylococcus aureus (23 mm), Escherichia coli (14 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14 mm), Candida albicans (22 mm) | The EtOAc extract of Phyllosticta capitalensis (115) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-microbial | Talukdar et al. (2021) |
| Penicillium sp. SNF123 | Panax ginseng | B16F10, MNT-1 (2.5–50 μg/mL) | Acremonidin E (116) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-cancer | Kim et al. (2019) |
| Aspergillus terreus | Glycine max | Anti-COVID-19 | Aspergillide B1 (117), 3a-Hydroxy-3, 5-dihydromonacolin L (118) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-microbial | El-Hawary et al. (2021) |
| Penicillium griseofulvum MPR1 | Mentha pulegium | Escherichia coli (45.5 mm) | The EtOAc extract of Penicillium griseofulvum MPR1 (119) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-microbial | Amina et al. (2018) |
| Escherichia coli (41 mm) | The CHCl2 extract of Penicillium griseofulvum MPR1 (120) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-microbial | |||
| Arthrinium sp. MFLUCC16-1053 | Zingiber cassumunar | Staphylococcus aureus (31.25 μg/mL), Escherichia coli (7.81 μg/mL) | The MFLUCC16-1053-EtOAc extract (121) | Fungal Extractives | Anti-microbial | Pansanit and Pripdeevech (2018) |
Note: “-” indicates the activity of these compounds are not mentioned in the cited references.