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. 2022 Oct 11;5:1845–1872. doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.005

Table 2.

Structure of novel anticancer compounds isolated from Indian spices.

S. No. Spices used Class of compound Name of the compound Structure of the compound Cancer type Ref (s)
1. Crocus sativus L. Carotenoid Crocin (Pubchem CID: 17339399) Image 47 Breast, lung, leukemia, reproductive system and digestive system cancer Zheng et al. (2016); Hire et al. (2017); Mir et al. (2020)
Crocetin (Pubchem CID: 4444644) Image 48
Organic oxides Safranal (Pubchem CID: 55000) Image 49
2. Curcuma longa L. Polyphenol Curcumin (Pubchem CID: 839564) Image 50 Pancreatic, lung, bladder, colon, breast, gastric, nasopharyngeal, hepatobiliary and prostate cancer Basha et al. (2016); Zheng et al. (2016)
3. Curcuma aromatica Salisb. Sesquiterpenoid Ar-tumerone (Pubchem CID: 485257) Image 51 breast cancer Parida et al. (2020)
4. Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry Flavonoid Kumatakenin (Pubchem CID: 4477326) Image 52 Ovarian, cervical, oral squamous cell carcinoma, digestive system and breast cancer Zheng et al. (2016); Woo et al. (2017); Das et al. (2018); Choudhury et al. (2020)
Phenylpropanoid Eugenol (Pubchem CID: 13876103) Image 53
5. Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Indoles Diindolylmethane (Pubchem CID: 8928276) Image 54 Breast, lung, ovarian, prostate, colon, gastric and leukemia Bhagat and Chaturvedi (2016); Vutakuri and Somara (2018); Nawaz et al. (2020); Yue et al. (2020)
3-Alkylindoles Indole-3-carbinol (Pubchem CID: 3581) Image 55
Chalconoid Cardamonin (Pubchem CID: 557026) Image 56
Monoterpene Limonene (Pubchem CID: 388386) Image 57
6. Piper nigrum L. Piperamide Piperine (Pubchem CID: 553590) Image 58 Breast, prostate colon cancer and osteosarcoma de Souza Grinevicius et al. (2016)
Alkaloid Piperlongumine (Pubchem CID: 553441) Image 59 Lung, breast, ovarian, gastric and colon cancer Prasad and K Tyagi, 2016; Tripathi and Biswal (2020)
7. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Alkaloid Trigonelline (Pubchem CID: 5369) Image 60 Blood and breast cancer Kunnumakkara et al. (2018); Mohamadi et al. (2018)
Diosgenin (Pubchem CID: 89870) Image 61
8. Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. Sesquiterpene Zerumbone (Pubchem CID: 4580581) Image 62 Colorectal cancer Sithara et al. (2018)
9. Zingiber officinale Roscoe Phenolics 6-Gingerol (Pubchem CID: 391126) Image 63 Breast, colorectal, prostate, lung cancer, melanoma and glioblastoma Geng et al. (2016); Zheng et al. (2016); Kammath et al. (2021)
Shogaols Shogaol (Pubchem CID: 4445106) Image 64
Paradols Paradol (Pubchem CID: 85173) Image 65
10. Capsicum annuum L. Alkaloids Capsaicin (Pubchem CID: 1265957) Image 66 Lung, colon, breast, cervical, prostate and tongue carcinoma Geng et al. (2016); Kunnumakkara et al. (2018)
11. Nigella sativa L. Monoterpene Thymoquinone (Pubchem CID: 9861) Image 67 Colon, bladder, lung, ovarian and gastric cancer Zhang et al. (2016); Majeed et al. (2021)
12. Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Aldehyde Cinnamaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 637511) Image 68 Leukemia, oral, liver, lung, prostate, breast and colon cancer Singh et al. (2021a)
13. Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm. Monocyclic sesquiterpene α-Caryophyllene (Pubchem CID: 4444853) Image 69 Lung, breast and brain cancer Thanekar et al. (2016)
14. Allium sativum L. Organosulfur compound Allicin (Pubchem CID: 58548) Image 70 Colon cancer Perez-Ortiz et al. (2020)
Diallyl sulphide (Pubchem CID: 11128) Image 71 Colon, skin, breast prostate and upper digestive tract cancer Zheng et al. (2016); Kunnumakkara et al. (2018)
S-Allyl-L-cysteine (Pubchem CID: 7969672) Image 72 Prostate cancer Guldiken et al. (2018)
15. Rosmarinus officinalis L. Diterpenoids Carnosic acid (Pubchem CID: 58635) Image 73 Lung, colorectal, breast, kidney, liver, prostate cancer and leukemia Zheng et al. (2016); Kunnumakkara et al. (2018); Corveloni et al. (2020); Kammath et al. (2021)
Carnosol (Pubchem CID: 390568) Image 74
Rosmarinic acid (Pubchem CID: 4445104) Image 75
16. Myristica fragrans Houtt. Benzofurans Licarin B (Pubchem CID: 4945284) Image 76 Skin carcinoma Kunnumakkara et al. (2018); Perez-Ortiz et al. (2020)
Phenylpropene Myristicin (Pubchem CID: 4125) Image 77
17. Illicium verum Hook.f. Phenylpropene Estragole (Pubchem CID: 13850247) Image 78 Hepatocellular carcinoma Kunnumakkara et al. (2018)
trans-Anethole (Pubchem CID: 553166) Image 79 Osteosarcoma Kunnumakkara et al. (2018)
18. Salvia officinalis L. Monoterpene cyclic ether 1,8-Cineole (Pubchem CID: 2656) Image 80 Hepatocellular and lung cancer Kunnumakkara et al. (2018)
19. Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy Benzophenone Garcinol (Pubchem CID: 10199485) Image 81 Breast, colon and squamous cell carcinoma Duan et al. (2018); Kunnumakkara et al. (2018)
20. Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Isothiocyanate Sulforaphane (Pubchem CID: 7851806) Image 82 Lung, colorectal and bladder cancer Kunnumakkara et al. (2018)
21. Coriandrum sativum L. Terpene alcohol Linalool (Pubchem CID: 391430) Image 83 Breast cancer Zheng et al. (2016)
22. Ocimum basilicum L. Triterpenoids Ursolic acid (Pubchem CID: 191497) Image 84 Breast and colorectal cancer Kunnumakkara et al. (2018)
23. Mentha piperita L. Triterpenoids Carvone (Pubchem CID: 21106424) Image 85 Leukemia and skin cancer Kunnumakkara et al. (2018)
24. Origanum vulgare Monoterpenoids Carvacrol (Pubchem CID: 21105867) Image 86 Breast cancer Baranauskaite et al. (2017)
25. Thymus vulgaris L. Monoterpenoids Thymol (Pubchem CID: 21105998) Image 87 Colorectal cancer Zeng et al. (2020)
26. Ferula asafoetida H. Karst. Sesquiterpene coumarins Gummosin (Pubchem CID: 5442126) Image 88 Breast and prostate cancer Iranshahy et al. (2019)
27. Capparis spinosa L. Glucopyranosides 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl β-D-glucopyranoside (Pubchem CID: NR) Image 89 Breast cancer Salih et al. (2020)
28. Vanilla planifolia Jacks. Ex Andrews Phenolic aldehyde Vanillin (Pubchem CID: 1183) Image 90 Colorectal cancer Xie et al. (2020)
29. Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Carbazole alkaloid Girinimbine (Pubchem: 87534) Image 91 Colon cancer Iman et al. (2017)
30. Cuminum cyminum L. Flavonoids Luteolin-7-O-glucoside (Pubchem CID: 4444241) Image 92 Breast cancer Goodarzi et al. (2020)
31. Origanum majorana L. Flavonoids Hesperetin (Pubchem CID: 65234) Image 93 Brain and cervical cancer Erenler et al. (2016)
Benzenediol Hydroquinone (Pubchem CID: 764) Image 94

NR* = Not reported.