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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 2.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Res. 2022 Apr 19;93(1):242–252. doi: 10.1038/s41390-022-02060-5

Figure 2: Marginal means in each exposure categories, stratified by study site and infant sex.

Figure 2:

Panel A, B and C shows median respiration rate for smoking exposure groups for both sites, South Africa, and Northern Plains, respectively.

Panel D, E, F shows Systolic BP for smoking exposure groups for both sites, South Africa and Northern Plains, respectively.

Panel G, H, I show diastolic BP for smoking exposure groups for both sites, South Africa and Northern Plains, respectively.

Panel J, K, L shows ratio of low-to-high frequency heart rate variability for alcohol exposure groups for both sites, South Africa, and Northern Plains, respectively.

*p<0.1, **p <0.05, ***p <0.01 indicates significance of the difference in marginal mean in comparison to the reference group, non-smoker, or non-drinker