Table 4:

Association of prenatal smoking with mean changes in cardiorespiratory variables in response to 45° head-up tilts in site combined analyses. (Infants whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy formed the reference group. Results with p-values <0.01, <0.05, <0.10 are bolded)

	Non-smoker Mean (95%CI)	Quit early Mean difference (95%CI) (P value)	Low continuous Mean difference (95%CI) (P value)	Moderate to high continuous Mean difference (95%CI) (P value)
Active sleep
Δ sustained HR (bpm)	2.52 (2.08, 2.96)	0.56 (−1.64, 0.52) (0.31)	−035 (−0.95, 0.24) (0.24)	−0.29 (−1.03, 0.45) (0.44)
Δ acute HR (bpm)	22. 98 (22.39, 23.57)	−0.69 (−2.13, 0.75) (0.34)	1.03 (0.23, 1.83) (0.01)	1.22 (0.23, 2.21) (0.02)
Δ rMSSD-RRi (s)	−0.57 (−0.80, −0.33)	0.46 (−0.12, 1.04) (0.12)	0.35 (0.03, 0.67) (0.03)	−0.09 (−0.49, 0.30) (0.64)
Δ change in breathing (breaths/min)	−3.73 (−4.27, −3.19)	0.35 (−0.98, 1.68) (0.60)	0.81 (0.07, 1.54) (0.03)	−0.005 (−0.91, 0.90) (0.99)
Δ systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	−6.04 (−6.76, −5.30)	3.05 (1.22, 4.89) (0.001)	0.68 (−0.29, 1.65) (0.16)	−0.22 (−1.42, 0.98) (0.72)
Δ diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	−6.49 (−7.31, −5.83)	1.95 (0.31, 3.58) (0.01)	0.82 (−0.03, 1.69) (0.06)	0.08 (−0.98, 1.14) (0.88)
Quiet sleep
Δ sustained HR (bpm)	3.39 (2.82, 3.98)	0.89 (−0.60, 2.38) (0.24)	−0.38 (1.19, 0.0.41) (0.34)	0.34 (−0.65, 1.32) (0.50)
Δ acute HR (bpm)	22.39 (21.54, 23.24)	−1.89 (−4.11, 0.32) (0.09)	0.08 (−1.08, 1.24) (0.89)	0.40 (−1.03, 1.83) (0.85)
Δ rMSSD-RRi (s)	−1.06 (−1.41, −0.71)	−0.92 (−1.82, −0.015) (0.05)	0.12 (−0.36, 0.61) (0.61)	0.27 (−0.32, 0.86) (0.36)
Δ change in breathing (breaths/min)	−3.73 (−4.27, −3.19)	0.30 (−1.19, 1.79) (0.69)	−0.36 (−1.17, 0.46) (0.39)	−0.23 (−1.22, 0.77) (0.65)
Δ systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	−5.07 (−5.89, −4.25)	−0.19 (−2.38, 2.00) (0.86)	−0.02 (−1.12, 1.07) (0.97)	0.37 (−0.95, 1.69) (0.58)
Δ diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	−5.83 (−6.53, −5.12)	−0.24 (−2.08, 1.61) (0.80)	0.34 (−0.57, 1.26) (0.46)	0.32 (−0.78, 1.43) (0.57)