Table 1.
Characteristics and profiles of patients
| Variables | All patients (410) | Stroke group (31,7.5%) | Non-stroke group (379,92.5%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60 (55–68) | 66 (54–75) | 60 (55–68) | 0.06 | |
| Gender, male (n, %) | 337 (82.2) | 19 (61.3) | 318 (83.9) | 0.002 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.05 (25.8–31.8) | 28 (25–31.8) | 28.1 (25.6–31.8) | 0.88 | |
| Smoking (n, %) | 159 (38.8) | 11 (35.5) | 148 (39.1) | 0.69 | |
| Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 338 (82.4) | 23 (74.5) | 315 (83.1) | 0.209 | |
| Hyperlipidemia (n, %) | 245 (59.8) | 19 (61.3) | 226 (59.6) | 0.85 | |
| Chronic Kidney disease (n, %) | 117 (28.5) | 12 (38.7) | 105 (27.7) | 0.041 | |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 351 (85.6) | 25 (80.6) | 326 (86) | 0.42 | |
| Bronchial asthma (n, %) | 44 (10.7) | 5 (16.1) | 39 (10.3) | 0.359 | |
| Hypothyroidism (n, %) | 42 (10.2) | 3 (9.7) | 39 (10.3) | 1 | |
| Hyperthyroidism (n, %) | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.8) | 1 | |
| Preoperative AF (n, %) | 26 (6.3) | 2 (6.5) | 24 (6.3) | 1 | |
| Malignancy (n, %) | 26 (6.3) | 2 (6.5) | 24 (6.3) | 1 | |
| Renal/liver transplant (n, %) | 17 (4.1) | 1 (3.2) | 16 (4.2) | 1 | |
| Prior stroke (n, %) | 28 (6.8) | 6 (19.4) | 22 (5.8) | 0.013 | |
| Prior TIAs (n, %) | 24 (5.9) | 3 (9.7) | 21 (5.5) | 0.41 | |
| Carotid artery stenosis (n, %) | 37 (9) | 10 (32.3) | 27 (7.1) | < 0.001 | |
| Peripheral vascular disease (n, %) | 44 (10.7) | 3 (9.7) | 41 (10.8) | 1 | |
| Prior myocardial infarction (n, %) | 257 (62.7) | 24 (77.4) | 233 (61.5) | 0.07 | |
| Prior PCI (n, %) | 137 (33.4) | 10 (32.3) | 127 (33.5) | 0.88 | |
| Prior cardiac surgeries | 27 (6.6) | 7 (22.6) | 20 (5.3) | 0.002 | |
| Preoperative LVEF% (n, %) | More than 55% | 141 (34.4) | 10 (32.3) | 131 (34.6) | 0.052 |
| 45–55% | 106 (25.9) | 4 (12.9) | 102 (26.9) | ||
| 35–45 | 88 (21.5) | 6(19.4) | 82 (21.6) | ||
| Less than 35% | 75 (18.3) | 11 (35.5) | 64 (16.9) | ||
| Preoperative drugs (n, %) | Beta-blockers | 321 (78.3) | 18 (58.1) | 303 (79.9) | 0.004 |
| Statins | 343 (83.7) | 21 (67.7) | 322 (85) | 0.013 | |
| Fibrates | 45 (11) | 2 (6.5) | 43 (11.3) | 0.55 | |
| ACEI/ARBs | 187 (45.6) | 10 (32.3) | 177 (46.7) | 0.12 | |
| Steroids | 18 (4.4) | 1 (3.2) | 17 (4.5) | 1 | |
| Immune suppression | 11 (2.7) | 1 (3.2) | 10 (2.6) | 0.58 | |
| Preoperative IABP (n, %) | 15 (3.7) | 3 (9.7) | 12 (3.2) | 0.09 | |
| Preoperative ECMO (n, %) | 2 (0.5) | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0) | 0.006 | |
BMI body mass index, AF atrial fibrillation, CAS carotid artery stenosis, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, IABP intra-aortic balloon pump, LVEF left ventricle ejection fraction, TIAs transient ischemic attacks, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation