TABLE 2.

The specific data of references cited in Section 5.1

Active herbal extracts and monomers	Study type	Experimental subjects	Dose	Duration	Controls
Quercetin	Preclinical trial	40 male rats aged 18 months	In vivo: 20 mg/g/d, i.p	10 days	1 ml distilled water both intraperitoneally and subcutaneously
	Preclinical trial	240 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats	In vivo: 0.2 mg/kg/d, i.p	14 days	Methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg/d, i.p
Gastrodin	Preclinical trial	60 male Sprang-Dawley rats	In vivo: 100 or 200 mg/kg/d, i.p	5 days	Intraperitoneally treated with vehicle
	Preclinical trial	36 New Zealand white rabbits	In vivo: 100 mg/kg/d	1 day	Perfuse normal saline 100 mg/kg
Asiatic acid	Preclinical trial	32 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats	In vivo: 75 mg/kg	1 day	Vehicle
	Preclinical trial	150 Sprague-Dawley rats	In vivo: 30 mg/kg/d or 30 mg/kg/d intragastric injection	3 days	Intragastric injection of vehicle 1 h after SCI
Tetramethylpyrazine	Preclinical trial	Adrenal phaeochromocytoma PC12 cells	In vitro: 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 μM	10, 30, 60, and 120 min	Saline
	Preclinical trial	30 Sprague-Dawley rats	In vivo: 30 mg/kg, i.p	30 min before occlusion	Normal saline
Schisandrin B	Preclinical trial	40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats	In vivo: 50 mg/kg, orally	5 days	Physiological saline (0.1 ml/100 g, i.p
Rosmarinic acid	Preclinical trial	60 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats	In vivo: 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, i.p	28 days	Normal saline, i.p
Carnosic acid	Preclinical trial	Adult (8 weeks old) male CF-1 mice	In vivo: 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg, i.p	2 days	Saline
	Preclinical trial	Adult (8 weeks old) male CF-1 mice	In vivo: 1.0 mg/kg, i.p	2 days	Sulforaphane 5.0 mg/kg
Allicin	Preclinical trial	90 female Sprague-Dawley rats	In vivo: 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg/d, i.p	21 days	0.9% NaCl daily
	Preclinical trial	40 adult BALB/c mice	In vivo: 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/d, i.p	7 days	2 ml sterile saline
Resveratrol	Preclinical trial	35 Male Sprague–Dawley rats	In vivo: 10 mg/kg, i.p	36 h	1 ml of saline, i.p
	Preclinical trial	42 male Sprague-Dawley rats	In vivo:100 mg/kg	48 h	Quercetin 200 mg/kg i.p
Crocin	Preclinical trial	Epidermal neural crest stem cells	In vitro: 12.5, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, and 2,500 µM	72 h	1 mM valproic acid
	Preclinical trial	25 Female Wistar rats	In vivo: 150 mg/kg/d, i.p	14 days	Vehicle
Tetrandrine	Preclinical trial	Spinal cord astrocytes	In vitro: 0.1, 1, 10, and 20 mM	24 h	PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and NF-κB inhibitor PDTC
	Preclinical trial	48 healthy adult male or female New Zealand white rabbits	In vivo: 22.5 mg/kg, i.p	Before Ischemia reperfusion injury	Saline
Lycopene	Preclinical trial	30 adult male SD rats	In vivo: 5,10,20 mg/kg/d, i.p	7 days	Saline
Curcumin	Preclinical trial	40 male Wistar rats	In vivo: 200 mg/kg, i.p	Immediately after the trauma	1 ml of rice bran oil and 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone sodium succinate
	Preclinical trial	39 male Sprague-Dawley rats	In vivo: 40 mg/kg/d, i.p	6 days	Saline