TABLE 3.

Therapeutic intervention with Chinese herbs.

	Chinese herbs
Name	Species and source	Components	Picture	Effects in TCM theory	Antioxidant mechanisms
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	Lamiaceae; Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizome	Hydrophilic depside derivatives (e.g., danishes, salvianolic acids A–C, E–G, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid) and lipophilic diterpenoids (e.g., tanshinones Ι, ΙΙA, andΙΙB, tanshinoneA, and tanshindiols A and B)		Promotes blood circulation, removes blood stasis, and reduces pain	Improves SOD, decreases the MDA, inhibits MAPK pathways, and preserves CAT activities
Cistanche deserticola Ma	Orobanchaceae; Cistanches herba	Total glycosides (TGs, phenylethanoid glycosides, and other glycosides) and oligosaccharides		Tonifies yang qi and blood, and moistens the intestines	Reduces p53, IL-6, and TNF-α, decreases MDA, increases SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT, facilitates Nrf-2 nuclear translocation