Table 3.
A comparative analysis of the previous works with the present work
| Paper | Year | Working environment | Aim of the work | Proposed approach | Blockchain technology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tian et al. [141] | 2016 | FSTS for agri-food supply chain in China | Establish decentralized, reliable system and efficient data tracking | Implemented using Blockchain and RFID tags | |
| Biswas et al. [14] | 2017 | Wine supply chain traceability system | To enhance transparency, security & traceability in wine supply chain | Using blockchain where transactions are stored in immutable blocks | Private blockchain implemented in Multichain named “Multichain WSC” |
| Tian et al. [142] | 2017 | Supply Chain Traceability System for Food Safety | Build reliable, decentralized system to deliver real-time data to all the system entities | Developed using blockchain, RFID, HACCP, and BigChainDB database | Integrated Smart contracts |
| Hong et al. [62] | 2018 | Agri-product traceability system | Develop reliable, trustworthy traceability system | Implemented using blockchain and IoT technologies like RFID tags and GPS | Integration of Consortium blockchain using HyperLedger and smart contracts. |
| Westerkamp et al. [153] | 2018 | Supply chain traceability system | Model the production process as token recipes to enhance provenance | Blockchain approach is used for modelling of the manufacturing process as digital token recipes | Smart contracts are implemented on Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) |
| Lin et al. [84] | 2018 | Food Traceability System | To propose a reliable and ecological system involving all entities of smart agriculture chain | Based on the blockchain, IoT, and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) | Implemented using a virtual Trusted Trade Blockchain Network Cloud Platform |
| Bordel et al. [17] | 2018 | Digital Food Product Traceability system | To enhance international commerce of food products | Implemented using blockchain, RFID tags, REST interfaces, Javascript and MongoDB NoSQL database | Smart contracts deployed on Ethereum blockchain |
| Caro et al. [22] | 2018 | Traceability solution for agricultural food supply chain named AgriBlockIoT | Develop decentralized secure system using two blockchain systems and perform comparison among theme | AgriBlockIoT: Integrating blockchain and IoT sensor devices | Implemented on Ethereum and HyperLedger Sawtooth platform |
| Suzuki et al. [136] | 2018 | Food Supply Chain Management System for Product History | To trace history of products in food supply chain | Implemented using blockchain, IC cards and NFC tagged QR codes | Private blockchain with own PoP concept |
| Hayati et al. [58] | 2018 | Traceability System in Food Supply Chain | To build an integrated, decentralized, reliable system to track supply chain | FoodTrail Blockchain: Blockchain-based system with four abstractions layers | Implemented on Hyperledger Sawtooth, uses PoET consensus and depth-first search algorithm for tracing |
| Leng et al. [79] | 2018 | Agricultural supply chain system | To achieve matching mechanism & adaptive rent-seeking for public service platforms | Based on the public blockchain and dual chain | Using smart contracts and algorithms based on PoS |
| Huang et al. [64] | 2019 | Food Supply Chain Traceability Scheme | To ensure food safety, traceability & eliminate data explosion | Integration of blockchain with EPC and IPFS technology | Using Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts for trading on-chain data |
| Lin et al. [85] | 2019 | Food Safety Traceability System | To prevent food safety issues, data tampering and data explosion | Integrating blockchain with EPCIS technology | Using Ethereum Geth 1.8.2 platform & smart contract designed by Solidity language |
| Tsang et al. [143] | 2019 | Food traceability system | To track food supply chain and ensure food quality | Blockchain, IoT, fuzzy logic for food traceability system | Smart contracts and Proof of Supply Chain Share (PoSCS) consensus algorithm |
| Wang et al. [149] | 2019 | Product traceability system | Ensure entity reliability, maintain transaction history & decentralization | Decentralized application developed using blockchain & HTML, CSS, Javascript for web interface | Smart contracts for transaction update, product registration, batch addition and Truffle Ethereum framework |
| Surasak et al. [135] | 2019 | Thai agriculture products traceability system | To strengthen the security, transparency and data integrity | Implemented using Blockchain, IoT sensors, OurSQL database | PoW consensus algorithm is used |
| George et al. [49] | 2019 | FSTS prototype for restaurants | Enhance traceability and grade food based on identifiers for quality consumption | Achieved using blockchain and FQI algorithm to measure food quality | Implemented using Permissioned blockchain |
| Salah et al. [120] | 2019 | Soybean traceability system | To efficiently track and trace soybean across agriculture supply chain | With the use of blockchain technology for transactions and IPFS for storage | EVM is used to execute smart contracts |
| Baralla et al. [10] | 2019 | Agri-food supply chain traceability system | Integrate current “farm to fork” model for European Union countries | Achieved Using blockchain, REST APIs, QR code technology, user stories, and UML for agile model | Uses smart contract called transaction processors and Hyperledger Sawtooth framework |
| Gao et al. [45] | 2019 | Food supply chain trading & traceability System | To build a system that traces the real food source along the supply chain | Integrating blockchain with CouchDB, RESTful APIs & HTTP server | Using Hyperledger fabric with three smart contracts: storage, trading, and traceable |
| Shahid et al. [124] | 2020 | FSTS for agriculture and food items | To sustain the trustworthiness of the supply chain entities & the quality of the food products | Developed using blockchain & IPFS to maintain transactions | Smart contracts: Registration Contract, Add to Lot Contract & Add Transaction Contract, deployed on Ethereum testnet “Rinkeyby” |
| Hao et al. [57] | 2020 | Food Safety Risk Traceability | Build distributed and non-tamperable model for food safety risks | Combination of blockchain and visualization technology | Based on Hyperledger Fabric and heat maps for visualization |
| Prashar et al. [116] | 2020 | Traceability and Visibility system for agricultural products | Perform real-time monitoring of food supply chain | Implemented using blockchain as a base layer, IPFS file system & AWS for testing | Smart contracts based on Ethereum and Istanbul Byzantine Fault-Tolerant algorithm |
| Lin et al. [83] | 2020 | Food supply chain system | Propose a solution for an economy post-COVID-19 | Integrating blockchain with machine learning methods and AI for sales prediction | Smart contracts for uploading retailer and customer data |
| Zhang et al. [159] | 2020 | Grain supply chain safety management system | Ensure safety, make tempered proof data and traceability in grain supply chain | Implemented using blockchain, EPC technology & cloud-based database | Using smart contracts on Hyperledger Sawtooth platform |