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. 2022 Oct 18;23(11):309–318. doi: 10.1007/s11934-022-01115-8

Table 2.

Summary of the “Big Five” personality traits [4143]

Trait Description Characteristics assessed High score Low score
Agreeableness Degree to which applicant is oriented toward community Cooperation, empathy, trustworthiness, sympathy Optimistic view of human nature; greater levels of altruism, trust, and modesty Confronts poor performers; tough; willing to take unpopular positions; may place own interests above others
Conscientiousness Tendency toward self-control in order to achieve goals Self-discipline, detail-orientation, organization, goal-directedness Orderly, reliable, attentive to rules and details, prioritizes tasks Comfortable with ambiguity, flexible about rules, capable of quickly changing direction
Extraversion Tendency to seek out activity and company of others; comprises: Talkativeness, energy, assertiveness, outgoingness
Ambition Degree to which a person seems socially self-confident, leader-like, competitive, energetic High energy, productive team leader, goal oriented Laid back, flexible, good team player
Sociability Degree a person seems to need or enjoy social interaction Approachable and friendly, busy and full of energy, talks more than listens, builds relationships with a variety of people Talk, task-oriented, works well independently, prefers structured meetings
Neuroticism Tendency to experience negative emotions, emotional triggers Confidence, self-acceptance, stability under pressure Less stress tolerant, anxious, or tense Handles pressure well and expects to succeed, solid self-esteem, positive outlook on life, higher emotional stability
Openness Tendency to seek out activity and company of others, creative and multiple interests, learn new things; comprises: Creativity, abstract thinking, curiosity, imagination
Inquisitive Evaluates imagination and problem-solving Creative, adventurous, open-minded, thinks quickly and strategically in the moment about the big picture Levelheaded, pragmatic, process-focused
Learning approach Extent to which a person seems to enjoy learning Goal-focused, values education for the sake of education, averse to working on uninteresting tasks Hands-on approach to learning, focus on applying existing skills, might be unconcerned with learning new skills