Table 1.

Recommendations for Future Research on Sex and Gender Differences in Aging

Identified Gaps	Specific Research Examples that Address the Unmet Need
Intersectionality	Considering the joint effects of sex, gender, race, ethnicity, geography, etc.
	Collecting survey and interview data from intergenerational and SGM families
	Investigating the role of institutions and public health policies in creating systems of discrimination
Life course	Assessing changes in biomarkers over time in healthy and pathological aging
	Studying sex-based and gender-based mechanisms linking longevity to resilience and vulnerability
	Incorporating hallmarks of aging and multiomics data in population-based studies
	Using a broad comparative approach with animal models that mimic human aging
	Connecting prenatal exposures and fetal programming to health outcomes in adult offspring
Tools/Resources	Establishing best practices for studying sex and gender differences in aging
	Identifying/developing validated, gender-based assessments for use in clinical research
	Evaluating medical education programs that integrate sex/gender differences into clinical decision making

Note: SGM = sexual and gender minoritized.