Frazzitta 2009.
Methods | Randomised controlled trial Method of randomisation: not described Blinding of outcome assessors: unclear Adverse events: not stated Deaths: none Drop‐outs: none ITT: yes | |
Participants | Country: Italy 40 patients (20 in treatment group, 20 in control group) Ambulatory at study onset: yes Mean age: 71 years (control and treatment group) Inclusion criteria: being able to walk without any physical assistance, sufficient vision and hearing, freezing of gait during peak medication (confirmed by clinical examination), Hoehn & Yahr stage 3, Mini Mental State Examination Score >26), constant medication Exclusion criteria: neurological conditions other than idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, postural hypotension, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, or vestibular disorders limiting locomotion or balance | |
Interventions | 2 arms: (1) control group used traditional rehabilitation with visual and auditory cues, 7 times a week for 4 weeks (140 min a week) (2) experimental group received treadmill training with visual and auditory cues, 7 times a week for 4 weeks (140 min a week) | |
Outcomes | Outcomes were recorded at baseline and at the end of intervention phase
Unified Parkinson’s Disease Ranking Scale (UPDRS) Motor Score
Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ) 6‐min walk test (distance walked) Gait speed Stride length |
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Notes | ||
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | method of sequence generation not described by the authors |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not described by the authors |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | all patients were assessed by same neurologist; no blinding described |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | no missing outcome data |