Table 2.

The effect of experimental conditions on the antibacterial performance of various Ti–Cu alloys.

Alloy (Ti- wt.%Cu)	Conducted Method	Bacteria	Experimental Condition	R % (antibacterial efficacy)	Ref.
Ti–10Cu	Agar diffusion assay	S. aureus	Incubation at 37 ​°C for 24 ​h under a humidity of 80%	No inhibition zone	[19]
		E. coli		No inhibition zone
	Plate-count method	S. aureus	Incubation at 37 ​°C for 24 ​h under a humidity of 90%	>99.6
		E. coli		>99.2
Ti–5Cu	Biofilm-based gene expression	S. mutans	Incubation for 24 ​h	Only 43.37% of gene expression	[39]
		P. gingivalis		Only 26.91% of gene expression
Ti–3Cu	Plate-count method	S. aureus	Incubation at 37 ​°C for 24 ​h	Not identified but killed all bacteria after 24 ​h	[177]
Ti–5Cu	Quantitative antibacterial test	S. aureus & E. coli	Incubation at 37 ​°C and 90% humidity for 24 ​h	≥99%	[207]
Ti–5Cu	Plate-count method	S. aureus & E. coli	Incubation at 37 ​°C and 90% humidity for 24 ​h	92.7% and 96%, respectively	[178]
Ti–5Cu	Plate-count method	P. gingivalis	Anaerobic incubation at 37 ​°C for 18 ​h	36%	[142]
	BHI–S blood agar diffusion assay			No inhibition zone
Ti–10Cu	Plate-count method			68%
	BHI–S blood agar diffusion assay			No inhibition zone
Ti–1Cu	Bacteria direct contact test	S. epidermidis	6 ​h direct contact, 24 ​h for growing bacteria followed by direct contact, incubation at 37 ​°C	4%	[171]
Ti-2.5Cu				13%
Ti–3Cu				16%
Ti–10Cu				24%