Table E1.
Baseline characteristics of patients receiving VA-ECMO and VV ECMO, included or excluded based on availability of TCD study
| Demographics and comorbidities | VA-ECMO |
VV-ECMO |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TCD (n = 100) | No TCD (n = 43) | P value | TCD (n = 45) | No TCD (n = 41) | P value | |
| Age, y | 57 (47-68) | 60 (44-65) | .99 | 47 (39-57) | 50 (39-56) | .79 |
| Male | 59 (59%) | 33 (76.7%) | .06 | 31 (75.6%) | 27 (60.0%) | .17 |
| Race | .45 | .86 | ||||
| White | 60 (60.0%) | 22 (51.2%) | 18 (40.0%) | 14 (34.2%) | ||
| Black | 29 (29.0%) | 16 (37.2%) | 13 (28.9%) | 15 (36.6%) | ||
| Hispanic | 3 (3.0%) | 0 | 11 (24.4%) | 9 (22.0%) | ||
| Asian | 4 (4.0%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (2.2%) | 2 (4.9%) | ||
| Other | 4 (4.0%) | 4 (9.3%) | 2 (4.4%) | 1 (2.4%) | ||
| Hypertension | 75 (75.0%) | 29 (67.4%) | .41 | 19 (42.2%) | 16 (39.0%) | .83 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 56 (56.0%) | 23 (53.5%) | .85 | 16 (35.6%) | 13 (31.7%) | .82 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 31 (31.0%) | 9 (20.9%) | .31 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Congestive heart failure | 31 (31.0%) | 16 (37.2%) | .56 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Diabetes | 30 (30.0%) | 16 (37.2%) | .44 | 6 (13.3%) | 8 (19.5%) | .56 |
| Chronic kidney disease (stage 3+) | 14 (14.0%) | 10 (23.3%) | .22 | 2 (4.4%) | 1 (2.4%) | 1.00 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 1.00 | 1 (2.2%) | 0 | 1.00 |
| Ischemic stroke | 8 (8.0%) | 4 (9.3%) | .75 | 2 (4.4%) | 1 (2.4%) | 1.00 |
| Anticoagulation before index admission | 26 (26.0%) | 7 (16.3%) | .28 | 3 (6.7%) | 4 (9.8%) | .70 |
| Antiplatelet therapy before index admission | 44 (44.0%) | 22 (51.2%) | .47 | 5 (11.1%) | 4 (9.8%) | 1.00 |
| Pre-ECMO Glasgow Coma Scale score | 15 (14-15) | 15 (13-15) | .96 | 11 (3-15) | 4 (3-15) | .06 |
| ECMO support, d | 6 (3-10) | 5 (3-8) | .08 | 25 (13-41) | 17 (10-34) | .42 |
| Central cannulation | 55 (55.0%) | 31 (72.1%) | .06 | 0 | 0 | – |
| VA-ECMO indication | ||||||
| Postcardiotomy shock | 47 (47.0%) | 15 (34.9%) | .20 | |||
| Intraoperative cardiotomy shock | 22 (22.0%) | 5 (11.6%) | .17 | |||
| Postoperative cardiotomy shock | 25 (25.0%) | 10 (23.3%) | 1.00 | |||
| Cardiogenic shock | 34 (34.0%) | 20 (26.5%) | .19 | |||
| Acute ischemic cardiomyopathy | 17 (17.0%) | 6 (14.0%) | .81 | |||
| Chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy | 2 (2.0%) | 4 (9.3%) | .07 | |||
| Nonischemic cardiomyopathy | 15 (15.0%) | 10 (23.3%) | .24 | |||
| Postheart transplant | 5 (5.0%) | 4 (9.3%) | .45 | |||
| Bridge to heart transplant | 1 (1.0%) | 2 (4.7%) | .22 | |||
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 8 (8.0%) | 2 (4.7%) | .72 | |||
| Pulmonary embolism | 4 (4.0%) | 0 | .32 | |||
| Distributive shock | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 1.00 | |||
| VV-ECMO indication | ||||||
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 40 (88.9%) | 37 (90.2%) | 1.00 | |||
| Bacterial pneumonia | 5 (11.1%) | 4 (9.8%) | 1.00 | |||
| COVID-19 pneumonia | 23 (51.1%) | 31 (75.6%) | .03 | |||
| Other viral pneumonia | 2 (4.4%) | 0 | .50 | |||
| Fungal pneumonia | 2 (4.4%) | 0 | .50 | |||
| Pulmonary embolism | 2 (4.4%) | 0 | .50 | |||
| Septic shock | 2 (4.4%) | 0 | .50 | |||
| Aspiration pneumonitis | 2 (4.4%) | 0 | .50 | |||
| Pancreatitis | 1 (2.2%) | 0 | 1.00 | |||
| Other | 1 (2.2%) | 3 (7.3%) | .34 | |||
| Postlung transplant | 3 (6.7%) | 3 (7.3%) | 1.00 | |||
| Bridge to lung transplant | 2 (4.4%) | 0 | .50 | |||
Results presented as n (%) or median (interquartile range) as appropriate. P value in bold indicates statistically significant. VA, Venoarterial; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; VV, venovenous; TCD, transcranial Doppler; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.