TABLE VI.

Comparison with State-of-the-Art Ultrasonic Neurostimulators for Behaving Small Animals

	This Work	[5]	[41]	[4]
Transducer	16-element 1D CMUT	32-element ring CMUT	Single-element PZT	Single-element PZT
Operating Frequency	5 MHz	183 kHz	450±8 kHz	2 MHz
Transducer Size	2.7 mm × 3. 59 mm	8.1 mm outer 5.2 mm inner diameter	5-mm diameter	5-mm diameter
Driving System	0.18-μm HV custom ASIC	External benchtop	On-board COTS	External benchtop
Focusing/Steering	Azimuthanl and axial	Fixed	Fixed	Fixed
Driving Voltage	60VPP	90VPP	70VPP	N/A
Peak-to-Peak Pressure	2.1 MPa	52 kPa	426 kPa	2.4 MPa
FWHM	0.6 mm	2.75 mm	∼3 mma	1.2 mm
Wireless	BLE control Battery operated	Tethered	BLE control Battery operated	Tethered
Device Weight	17 mg (Head Unit) 19.7 g (Backpack Unit)	0.73 g (Head Unit)	20 g (Total)	N/A
Board Dimension	63.5 mm × 30.5 mm	N/A	35 mm × 15 mm	N/A
Power Consumption	31.45 mWb	N/A	250 mAc from 6–8 V	N/A
In vivo Experiment	No	Yes	Yes	Yes

^aA width at −6-dB pressure.

^bIntermittent operation: 20-cycle 5-MHz burst at PRF = 100 Hz.

^cContinuous sonication.