| MG |
aminoguanidine |
scavenger |
diabetic rats, human endothelial cells, rat mesangial cells |
prevents AGE formation, attenuates diabetic complications in
vivo |
binds to carbonyl groups and converts them to nontoxic
byproducts (3-amino-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazine and 3-amino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazine) |
(309−317) |
| MG |
curcumin |
scavenger |
mouse blastocysts and embryonic stem cells,
human mononuclear
and endothelial cells, diabetic rats |
decreases apoptosis
and oxidative stress, mitigates MG-induced DNA damage, anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant |
scavenges MG by forming adducts at the 10th
carbon between
keto carbon groups; synergizes with aminoguanidine for increased benefit |
(313,318−322) |
| MG |
aucubin |
scavenger |
in vitro models and in vivo MG-injected rats |
inhibits AGE formation
and prevents their accumulation |
|
(323) |
| MG |
genistein |
traps MG |
in
vitro |
inhibits AGE formation |
forms mono-MG and di-MG adducts
of genistein |
(324) |
| MG |
quercetin |
traps MG |
in vitro |
inhibits AGE
formation in dose-dependent manner;
traps MG and glyoxal |
forms MG adducts to make mono-MGO and di-MGO adducts |
(325) |
| MG |
Eucommia
ulmoides |
promotes MG detox |
in
vitro and diabetic mice |
inhibits AGE formation and accumulation,
decreases RAGE expression,
and reduces oxidative stress |
upregulates Glo1 and Nrf2
pathway to increase GLO1 production
and oxidative protection |
(326) |
| AGEs |
sRAGE |
scavenger |
human endothelial cells,
diabetic and nondiabetic apoE-null mice |
significant reduction of atherosclerotic lesions and inflammation,
ameliorates vascular permeability |
|
(115,161,327) |
| AGEs |
thiamine |
vitamin |
human endothelial cells, bovine retinal endothelial
cells |
inhibits AGE formation and mitigates oxidative
stress |
promotes metabolism of glycolysis metabolites |
(328) |
| AGEs |
benfoatiamine |
vitamin |
diabetic rats, T1D and T2D patients |
restores
nerve conduction velocity, inhibits AGE formation,
prevents diabetes-induced glycoxidation
products, prevents micro- and macrovascular endothelial dysfunction,
mitigates oxidative stress |
|
(329−333) |
| AGEs |
alagebrium |
cross-link breaker |
old
primates and humans, diabetic rats |
improves cardiac
function and output, and endothelial function |
removes
new AGEs by separating α-dicarbonyl carbon–carbon bonds formed
in cross-links |
(334−338) |
