TABLE 1.
Variable | N | % |
---|---|---|
| ||
Unique subjects | 157 | 100 |
Subjects with 2 clinic examinations and home visits | 93 | 59.2 |
Demographics (unique subjects at the time of first visit) | ||
Mean age (years) ± SD | 59.9 ± 11.4 | |
Sex, male | 136 | 86.6 |
Race, white | 84 | 53.5 |
Ethnicity, Hispanic | 50 | 31.8 |
Smoking | ||
Past | 87 | 55.4 |
Current | 49 | 31.2 |
Comorbidities (at the time each clinical visit) | ||
Depression | 175 | 66.0 |
Osteoarthritis | 144 | 54.6 |
Hypercholesteremia | 120 | 45.5 |
Hypertension | 148 | 55.9 |
Diabetes mellitus | 86 | 33.2 |
Sleep apnea | 91 | 34.6 |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | 50 | 21.9 |
Hepatitis C | 39 | 14.7 |
Traumatic brain injury | 4 | 1.5 |
Medications (at the time each clinical visit) | ||
Analgesics | 154 | 58.1 |
Antianxiety | 131 | 49.4 |
Antidepressant | 133 | 50.2 |
Cholesterol-lowering agent | 122 | 46.0 |
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent | 47 | 17.7 |
Dry eye symptoms at the time of each clinical visit | ||
DEQ5 (0–22, <6 normal) | 10.8 ± 5.3 | |
OSDI (0–100, <12 normal) | 33.5 ± 24.6 | |
Intensity of ocular pain, average over 1 week (0–10) | 3.0 ± 2.6 | |
Total NSPI (0–100) | 26.0 ± 20.5 | |
Dry eye signs (at the time each clinical visit) | ||
Osmolarity (mOsm/L) | 313.1 ± 18.7 | |
Inflammation+, n (%) | 66 (26.4) | |
Tear break-up time (seconds) | 8.1 ± 5.0 | |
Corneal epithelial disruption (0–15) | 1.8 ± 2.8 | |
Schirmer score (mm wetting at 5 minutes) | 16.5 ± 9.3 | |
Eyelid vascularity (0–3) | 0.7 ± 1.0 | |
Meibomian gland dropout (0–4) | 1.7 ± 1.2 | |
Meibum quality (0–4) | 1.5 ± 1.2 |
DEQ5 = Dry Eye Questionnaire 5; NSPI = Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory; OSDI = Ocular Surface Disease Index.