TABLE 3.
The effect of TMS on dopamine receptor availability
| Author | Year | Subject Population | Site of TMS | Stimulation Frequency | PET Radiotracer | Effect on Dopamine Receptor Binding | Regions Effected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor Cortex | |||||||
| Strafella et al. | 2003 | HC | M1 - Left | 10 Hz | [11C]raclopride | ⇩ | L putamen |
| Ohnishi, Hayashi et al. |
2004 | NHP | M1 - Right | 5 Hz | [11C]raclopride | ⇧ and |
R putamen Bilateral ventral striatum |
| Strafella et al. | 2005 | PD | M1 - Left and Right | 10 Hz | [11C]raclopride | ⇩ | Ipsilateral putamen from stimulated side |
| Kim et al. | 2008 | PD | M1 | 5 Hz | [11C]raclopride | ⇩ | Contralateral caudate from stimulated side |
| Lamusuo et al. | 2017 | HC | M1 - Right | 10 Hz | [11C]raclopride | No Effect | - |
| Prefrontal Cortex | |||||||
| Strafella et al. | 2001 | HC | DLPFC - Left | 10 Hz | [11C]raclopride | ⇩ | L dorsal caudate |
| Kuroda et al. | 2006 | Depression | DLPFC - Left | 10 Hz | [11C]raclopride | No Effect | - |
| Ko et al. | 2008 | HC | DLPFC - Left and Right | 10 Hz | [11C]raclopride | L ⇩ R – No Effect |
L caudate, putamen - |
| Cho and Strafella | 2009 | HC | DLPFC - Left and Right | 10 Hz | [11C]FLB 457 | L ⇩ R – No Effect |
L subgenual, pregenual cingulate, L medial OFC - |
| Cho et al. | 2015 | HC | MPFC (BA 10) - Double cone coil | 10 Hz | [11C] PHNO | ⇩ | Bilateral dorsal putamen, bilateral dorsal and ventral globus pallidus |
| Other Regions | |||||||
| Malik et al. | 2018 | HC | Insula | 1 Hz and 10 Hz | [11C] PHNO | 1 Hz ⇧ 10 Hz – No Effect |
Substantia nigra, sensorimotor striatum - |
DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; HC, healthy control; L, left; NHP, nonhuman primate; R, right.