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. 2022 Oct 18;22:323. doi: 10.1186/s12935-022-02743-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Biogenesis of exosomes shows the role of endosome in exosome formation from early endosome by invagination to late endosome and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). On the other hand, it shows the action of Rab5, other proteins, and molecules in exosome formation and its transport to fuse with the cell membrane and eventually release exosomes from the parent cell to the target cell