Table II.
Studies exploring the mechanisms of FLASH radiotherapy.
| Author, year | Dose rate, Gy/sec | Dose, Gy | Type of ray | Core theory | System | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petersson et al, 2020 | 0-100 | 0-30 | Electrons | Oxygen consumption | In vitro and in vivo | (42) |
| Labarbe et al, 2020 | 10−3−107 | 10 | Electrons or photons | ROS | In vitro | (78) |
| Boscolo et al, 2020 | - | - | Ion and proton | Oxygen consumption | In vitro | (59) |
| Liew et al, 2021 | 0.01-104 | 2-32 | Electrons and x-rays | ‘UNIVERSE’ | In vitro and in vivo | (32) |
| Cao et al, 2021 | 0-300 | 0-30 | Electrons | Oxygen consumption | In vitro and in vivo | (60) |
| Boscolo et al, 2021 | 109 | 0-150 | Electrons | Oxygen consumption | In vitro | (64) |
| Jansen et al, 2021 | 0-340 | 10 | X-rays, protons and carbon ions | Oxygen consumption | In vitro | (63) |
| Rothwell et al, 2021 | 40–150+ | 2-50 | - | Oxygen consumption | - | (30) |
| Tinganelli et al, 2022 | 0-70 | 0-7.5 | Ions | Oxygen consumption | In vitro | (61) |
UNIVERSE, UNified and VERSatile Bio Response Engine (mechanistic radiobiological model); ROS, reactive oxygen species.