Table 2.

Alpha Reliabilities and the Standardized Factor Loadings Using Confirmatory Factor Analyses for each Scale

	α	Loading
Functional responses
1. Cognitive reappraisal: Accepting and reframing the situation to develop positive attitudes and facilitating changes in cognition I try to reflect on the situation to find its positive aspects I consider the situation as a positive challenge that should be overcome	0.71	0.65 0.59
2. Active monitoring: Self-monitoring for either developing a coping plan or evaluating the efficacy of a response I think about my feelings and thoughts about the situation and attempt to find a solution for it based on my previous experiences I try to think about how I should respond to my feelings about the situation and see if the strategy works	0.68	0.68 0.71
3. Affective modulation: Trying to suppress, replace, or modify emotions through thinking about a positive situation When I feel stressed out, I try to think about a pleasant moment in my life to reduce my negative feelings I attempt to not think about the situation and ignore it for a while by pretending other positive emotions	0.65	0.73 0.64
4. Adaptive behavior distraction: Doing positive activities to distract one’s mind from the situation for the purpose of proper functioning I attempt to direct my attention and energy away from the negative feelings by doing a positive activity (e.g., exercising or reading a book) I try to get involved in another positive activity to not think about the situation (e.g., turning to work or writing a letter)	0.75	0.78 0.81
5. Active engagement: Actively focusing attention to deal with the situation by taking constructive actions to solve the problem I try to solve the problem by seeking help from counselors or talking about it with friends, parents, etc. I try to concentrate on the situation to find a way to make it better	0.73	0.92 0.83
Dysfunctional responses
6. Cognitive overload: Developed negative cognitions make one unable to control or regulate emotions, giving rise to a sense of helplessness I have no control over my feelings when stressed out I can’t get my mind off the situation and I am unable to think about other things	0.67	0.48 0.51
7. Defective monitoring: Fail to monitor feelings to develop a coping plan or evaluate the effects of previous response I don’t try to think about my thoughts about the situation I don’t think about how I should deal with the situation	0.70	0.61 0.63
8. Negative self-talk: Negative inner dialogue with oneself about a situation through blaming and criticizing when stressed out about a situation, I criticize myself by expressing negative thoughts (e.g., I am not good enough) I find myself responsible for the situation by verbalizing negative thoughts and feelings	0.79	0.87 0.76
9. Maladaptive behavior distraction: Engaging in activities without positive outcomes just for diverting attention from the situation I turn to activities just for the sake of distraction from the situation (e.g., playing computer games, exploring the internet) To get away from stress or anxiety, I try to daydream to get my mind off the situation	0.75	0.89 0.71
10. Misdirected response: Directing attention and energy on negative activities that may provide immediate relief with consequences When feeling under stress, I try to solve the problem by doing things that make me feel better (e.g., smoking, taking drugs) I try to relieve my emotions by throwing or breaking objects and unhealthy eating	0.77	0.83 0.78