Table 4.
Predictors of greater cognitive deterioration (model 1—MMSEc: score < 16 vs > = 16) and severity of behavioral and psychological symptoms (model 2—NPI: score < = 11 vs > 11): simple and multiple logistic regression analysis. The models were adjusted for both the characteristics of the caregivers and the characteristics of the elderly assisted
| Models | Variables | Simple logistic regression analysis | Multiple logistic regression analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | p | OR [95% CI] | p | ||||
| 1.Dependent variable: MMSEc | Caregivers | NVS | Possibility of limited or adequate HL | – | – | – | – |
| High likelihood of limited HL | 2.62 [1.21; 5.93] | 0.017 | 6.58 [2.05; 24.6] | 0.003 | |||
| Age (years) | ≤ 59 | – | – | – | – | ||
| > 59 | 0.99 [0.97; 1.02] | 0.6 | 1.00 [0.95; 1.07] | 0.89 | |||
| Gender | Male | – | – | – | – | ||
| Female | 0.85 [0.43; 1.70] | 0.7 | 0.39 [0.14; 1.01] | 0.06 | |||
| Relationship to care recipient | Spouse | – | – | – | – | ||
| Son/daughter | 1.81 [0.92; 3.62] | 0.087 | 13.4 [3.05; 73.6] | 0.001 | |||
| Years of schooling | ≥ 13 | – | – | – | – | ||
| < 13 | 1.39 [0.74; 2.64] | 0.3 | 1.59 [0.64; 4.06] | 0.32 | |||
| Mini-Cog | Negative | – | – | – | – | ||
| positive | 2.46 [0.71; 8.54] | 0.16 | 5.40 [1.15; 29.7] | 0.04 | |||
| Older adults | NPI | ≤ 11 | – | – | – | – | |
| > 11 | 2.39 [1.26; 4.61] | 0.054 | 1.80 [0.81; 4.01] | 0.15 | |||
| ADL | ≥ 3 | – | – | – | – | ||
| < 3 | 3.89 [2.04; 7.61] | 0.001 | 4.92 [2.26; 11.2] | < 0.001 | |||
| 2.Dependent variable: NPI | Caregivers | NVS | Possibility of limited or adequate HL | – | – | – | – |
| High likelihood of limited HL | 2.42 [1.08; 5.89] | 0.039 | 1.89 [0.66; 5.59] | 0.2 | |||
| Age (years) | ≤ 59 | – | – | – | – | ||
| > 59 | 1.02 [0.99; 1.05] | 0.2 | 0.99 [0.94; 1.04] | 0.8 | |||
| Gender | Male | – | – | – | – | ||
| Female | 0.84 [0.42; 1.65] | 0.6 | 1.16 [0.49; 2.70] | 0.7 | |||
| Relationship to care recipient | Spouse | – | – | – | – | ||
| Son/daughter | 0.79 [0.40; 1.54] | 0.5 | 0.81 [0.23; 2.80] | 0.7 | |||
| Years of schooling | ≥ 13 | – | – | – | – | ||
| < 13 | 1.67 [0.88; 3.24] | 0.12 | 1.45 [0.65; 3.28] | 0.4 | |||
| Mini-Cog | Negative | – | – | – | – | ||
| Positive | 1.65 [0.47; 72] | 0.43 | 1.67 [0.39; 8.85] | 0.5 | |||
| Older adults | MMSEc | ≥ 16 | – | – | – | – | |
| < 16 | 2.39 [1.25; 4.55] | 0.008 | 1.85 [0.85; 4.09] | 0.12 | |||
| ADL | ≥ 3 | – | – | – | – | ||
| < 3 | 2.05 [1.09; 3.92] | 0.027 | 2.09 [1.00; 4.42] | 0.051 | |||
MMSEc mini mental state examination corrected according to age and education, NVS newest vital sign, NPI neuro-psychiatrics inventory, GDS global deterioration Scale, ADL activities of daily living, OR odds ratio; variance inflation factor < 5