Table 5.
Predictors of cognitive deterioration (model 1 – GDS: score < 5 vs > = 5) and functional status (model 2 – ADL: score < 3 vs > = 3): simple and multiple logistic regression analysis. The model used to evaluate the association with GDS was adjusted only for the characteristics of the caregiver, since the GDS scale already evaluates various areas concerning cognition, function and behavioral symptoms
| Models | Variables | Simple logistic regression analysis | Multiple logistic regression analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | p | ORa [95% CI] | p | ||||
| 1.Dependent variable: GDS | Caregivers | NVS | Possibility of limited or adequate HL | – | – | – | – |
| High likelihood of limited HL | 3.25 [1.42; 8.18] | 0.008 | 5.61 [1.97; 18.1] | 0.002 | |||
| Age (years) | ≤ 59 | – | – | – | – | ||
| > 59 | 1.02 [0.99; 1.05] | 0,2 | 1.01 [0.96; 1.06] | 0.7 | |||
| Gender | Male | – | – | – | – | ||
| Female | 0.84 [0.42; 1.65] | 0.6 | 0.6 [0.26; 1.35] | 0.2 | |||
| Relationship to care recipient | Spouse | – | – | – | – | ||
| Son/daughter | 1.04 [0.53; 2.02] | > 0.9 | 3.35 [1.07; 11.4] | 0.043 | |||
| Years of schooling | ≥ 13 | – | – | – | – | ||
| < 13 | 1.44 [0.76; 2.76] | 0.3 | 0.96 [0.43; 2.15] | > 0.9 | |||
| Mini-Cog | Negative | – | – | – | – | ||
| Positive | 1.11 [0.34; 3.90] | 0.9 | 0.99 [0.24; 4.13] | > 0.9 | |||
| 2.Dependent variable: ADL | Caregivers | NVS | Possibility of limited or adequate HL | – | – | – | – |
| High likelihood of limited HL | 0.82 [0.37; 1.76] | 0.6 | 0.53 [0.18; 1.51] | 0.2 | |||
| Age (years) | ≤ 59 | – | – | – | – | ||
| > 59 | 0.99 [0.96; 1.02] | 0.5 | 1.01 [0.96; 1.06] | 0.8 | |||
| Gender | Male | – | – | – | – | ||
| Female | 1.18 [0.60; 2.35] | 0.6 | 1.17 [0.49; 2.81] | 0.7 | |||
| Relationship to care recipient | Spouse | – | – | – | – | ||
| Son/daughter | 1.71 [0.87; 3.40] | 0.12 | 1.06 [0.29; 3.85] | > 0.9 | |||
| Years of schooling | ≥ 13 | – | – | – | – | ||
| < 13 | 0.90 [0.47; 1.69] | 0.7 | 0.86 [0.37; 1.98] | 0.7 | |||
| Mini-Cog | Negative | – | – | – | – | ||
| Positive | 0.85 [0.24; 2.79] | 0.8 | 0.48 [0.10; 2.03] | 0.3 | |||
| Older adults | MMSEc | ≥ 16 | – | – | – | – | |
| < 16 | 3.89 [2.04; 7.61] | < 0.001 | 4.77 [2.23; 10.6] | < 0.001 | |||
| NPI | ≤ 12 | – | – | – | – | ||
| > 12 | 2.05 [1.09; 3.92] | 0.027 | 2.06 [0.99; 4.34] | 0.053 | |||
MMSEc mini mental state examination corrected according to age and education, NVS newest vital sign, NPI neuro-psychiatrics inventory, GDS global deterioration Scale, ADL activities of daily living, OR odds ratio; variance inflation factor < 5