Fig. 6. Combination of B16-F10 neoantigen peptides with heat-iMVA vaccination significantly increases the overall response and cure rates in a unilateral B16-F10 implantation model.

a Tumor implantation and neoantigen peptide vaccination scheme in a unilateral B16-F10 tumor implantation model. 5 × 10⁴ B16-F10 were intradermally implanted into the right flanks of C57BL/6J mice. On day 3, 6, and 9, mice were vaccinated subcutaneously on the left flanks with B16-F10 neoantigen peptide mix (M27, M30, and M48) with or without the indicated adjuvants. b Kaplan–Meier survival curve of tumor-bearing mice treated with PBS, peptides (M27, M30, and M48, 100 μg/each), peptides plus heat-iMVA (an equivalent of 10⁷ pfu), or peptides plus poly(I:C) (50 μg) (n = 10, ^*P < 0.05 and ^***P < 0.001; Mantel–Cox test). c–f Tumor volumes over days after implantation in mice vaccinated with PBS (c), peptides (d), peptides + heat-iMVA (e), peptides + poly(I:C) (f). Data are representative of two independent experiments.