Figure 6.

Simulated space radiation induces oxidative stress that is partially mitigated by astrocytes. (A–D) Quantification of secreted 8-oxo-dG in supernatants of chips seeded with endothelial cells only (open bars) and endothelial cells + astrocytes (shaded bars) 1 day (A, B) and 7 days (C, D) after irradiation with SimGCRSim (A, C) or 600 MeV/n ⁵⁶Fe (B, D) particles. Blue, 0 Gy sham irradiation. Light red, lower dose (0.3 Gy 600 MeV/n ⁵⁶Fe, 0.25 Gy SimGCRSim). Dark red, higher dose (0.82 Gy 600 MeV/n ⁵⁶Fe, 0.5 Gy SimGCRSim). N = 12 chips per condition. Error bars, mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001, 2-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparison’s test. Non statistically significant changes are not marked.